VC++ 6.0 C语言实现俄罗斯方块详细教程

今天把我之前写的大作业分享一下吧，并教你们如何实现，希望你们看了前面的教程也能自己写一个。

1.要先下载一个 graphics.h 的头文件来绘图。

2.初始化窗口：initgraph(x, y);这是先创建一个窗口的函数，以左上角为(0,0)，向右为x轴，向下为y轴，其中x表示长x个单位，y表示宽y个单位。

3.关闭图像窗口：closegraph();结束时用来关闭用的。

4.按任意键继续：getch();这个就和getchar();差不多，为了防止以运行完就关了，这样能停顿一下，他的头文件是：conio.h 。

5.画线：line(x1, y1, x2, y2);在你创建的那么窗口里以(x1,y1)和(x2,y2)为两个端点画线。

6.画矩形：rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);以(x1,y1)和(x2,y2)为对角画一个矩形。

7.画圆：circle(x,y,r);以(x,y)为圆点，r为半径画圆。

8.颜色：setcolor(x);用来设置颜色的，其中x是你要设置的颜色，可以填这16种：黑 BLACK、蓝 BLUE、绿 GREEN、青 CYAN、红 RED、紫 MAGENTA、棕 BROWN、浅灰 LIGHTGRAY、深灰 DARKGRAY、亮蓝 LIGHTBLUE、亮绿 LIGHTGREEN、亮青 LIGHTCYAN、亮红 LIGHTRED、亮紫 LIGHTMAGENTA、黄 YELLOW、白 WHITE；当然，你也可以根据光的三原色来调自己喜欢的颜色，方法是：setcolor(RGB(x,y,z));其中RGB分别代表红绿蓝，对应的x,y,z是你选的该颜色的多少，范围是[0,255]。

根据上面的这些就能画出很多图形了.比如：

# include <graphics.h> 
# include <conio.h> 
 void main() 
 { 
 initgraph(640,480); 
 setcolor(BROWN); 
 line(200,200,300,130); 
 line(400,200,300,130); 
 rectangle(200,200,400,380); 
 setcolor(RGB(100,150,200)); 
 circle(255,260,20); 
 circle(345,260,20); 
 rectangle(280,300,310,360); 
 getch(); 
 closegraph(); 
 } 

还有这个，画一个圆，圆心是(320,240),半径r=200，根据角度的公式画一个圆：

# include <graphics.h> 
# include <conio.h> 
# include <math.h> 
# define PI 3.1415926 
 void main() 
 { 
 initgraph(640, 480); 
 int x,y,r=200,c; 
 double a; 
 for(a=0; a<PI*2; a+=0.0001) 
 { 
  x=(int)(r*cos(a)+320+0.5); 
  y=(int)(r*sin(a)+240+0.5); 
  c=(int)(a*255/(2*PI)); 
  setcolor(RGB(c,200-c/2,100+c/2)); 
  line(320,240,x,y); 
 } 
 getch(); 
 closegraph(); 
 } 

9.停顿：Sleep(x);停顿x/1000秒。

有了Sleep();函数，就能让线动起来了，原理就是：先画一条线，然后再画一条黑色的线覆盖原来的那条，然后再画一条线，这样不断的画线能行了。

# include <graphics.h> 
# include <conio.h> 
 void main() 
 { 
 int i,y; 
 initgraph(640,480); 
 for(y=0;y<480-2;y++) 
 { 
  setcolor(RGB(y,125,y/2%256)); 
  line(0,y,639,y); 
  line(0,y+2,639,y+2); 
  Sleep(10); 
  setcolor(BLACK); 
  line(0,y,639,y); 
 } 
 getch(); 
 closegraph(); 
 } 

10.随机数发生器：srand();使用方法：srand(time(NULL));使用时要有头文件time.h。

11.随机函数:rand();随机生成一个数，头文件是：stdlib.h，比如：

# include <stdio.h> 
# include <time.h> 
# include <graphics.h> 
 void main() 
 { 
 int t=10; 
 while(t--) 
 { 
  srand(time(NULL)); 
  printf("%d\n",rand()); 
  Sleep(1000); 
 } 
} 

12.判断键盘是否有输入：kbhit();如果有的话返回1，否则返回0.

13.方向键：方健健的ASCII值我们不知道，普通的getchar();也不能输入，但是getch();通过运行程序可以发现方向比较特殊，分别是：上 224+72、下 224+80、左 224+75、右 224+77，就是说他们是由两个字符组成的，所以判断上下左右时就先判断if(kbhit()),然后判断if(getch()==224),如果是的话在判断if(getch()==72),是的话就是上，下左右同理。

# include <stdio.h> 
# include <graphics.h> 
# include <conio.h> 
 void main() 
 { 
 int key; 
 while(1) 
 { 
  if(kbhit()) 
  { 
  key=getch(); 
  if(key==224) 
   key=getch(); 
  printf("%d",key); 
  } 
  else 
  printf("*"); 
  Sleep(500); 
 } 
 } 

14.输出：outtextxy(x,y,s);在坐标为(x,y)的地方输出字符串s。

15.数字转字符串：sprintf(s,"%d",a);将数字a,转化为字符串s，头文件是stdio.h。

16.设置字体：setfont(x,y,"字体");其中x表示你你要输出的字的大小，y会改变形状一般都是设为0，"字体"为你想要输出的字体，比如：setfont(40,0,"楷体");

# include <graphics.h> 
# include <conio.h> 
# include <stdio.h> 
 void main() 
 { 
 char s[10]; 
 initgraph(640,480); 
 setfont(42,0,"隶体"); 
 outtextxy(200,200,"俄罗斯方块"); 
 sprintf(s,"%d",2015); 
 outtextxy(250,250,s); 
 getch(); 
 closegraph(); 
 } 

上面这些都学会了的话，差不多就能够自己完成编写一个俄罗斯方块了，下面分享一下我写的代码。

# include <stdio.h> 
# include <time.h> 
# include <conio.h> 
# include <graphics.h> 
 int a,visit[30][15],Color[30][15],minX=30,minY=30,maxX=310,maxY=610,speed=500,score=0,rank=0; 
 int color[]={GREEN,CYAN,MAGENTA,BROWN,LIGHTGRAY,LIGHTBLUE,LIGHTGREEN,LIGHTRED,YELLOW}; 
 int block[36][5][5]= 
 { 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, 
 {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0} 
 }; 
 void Interface();//界面的设计 
 void nextblock();//生成下一个方块 
 void newblock();//将下一个放到主方框中 
 void move(int x,int y,int A);//移动方块 
 int couldmove(int x0,int y0,int A,char dir,int next);//判断能否移动 
 int couldrotate(int x0,int y0,int A,int next);//判断能否旋转 
 void mark(int x0,int y0,int A,int next);//标记方块固定后的位置 
 void full();//判断有没有能够消行的 
 void down(int x);//有消行的将上面的方块下移一行 
 int gameover();//判断游戏是否结束 
 int main() 
 { 
 int i,j; 
 Interface(); 
 nextblock(); 
 Sleep(500); 
 memset(visit,0,sizeof(visit)); 
 while(1) 
 { 
 newblock(); 
 full(); 
 if(gameover()) 
  break; 
 } 
 getch(); 
 closegraph(); 
 return 0; 
 } 
 void Interface() 
 { 
 int i,j; 
 char str[10]; 
 initgraph(550, 660); 
 HWND hwnd = GetHWnd(); 
 SetWindowText(hwnd, "NEW俄罗斯方块   制作:丶阿明"); 
 Sleep(2000); 
 setfont(40,0,"隶体"); 
 setcolor(RED); 
 outtextxy(145,200,"NEW"); 
 setfont(40,0,"楷体"); 
 for(i=0;i<=255;i++) 
  for(j=0;j<=255;j++) 
  { 
  setcolor(RGB((i+j+128)%255,i,j)); 
  outtextxy(205,200,"俄罗斯方块!"); 
  } 
  Sleep(2000); 
  setcolor(YELLOW); 
  setfont(22,0,"隶体"); 
  outtextxy(310,300,"←_←"); 
  setfont(22,0,"楷体"); 
  outtextxy(180,300,"这逼装的可以"); 
  setcolor(LIGHTMAGENTA); 
  Sleep(2500); 
  outtextxy(175,300,"请按任意键开始游戏!"); 
  getch(); 
  cleardevice(); 
  setcolor(WHITE); 
  rectangle(29,29,334,633); 
  rectangle(28,28,335,634); 
  rectangle(370,50,515,195); 
  setfont(24,0, "楷体"); 
  setcolor(LIGHTGRAY); 
  outtextxy(405,215,"下一个:"); 
  setcolor(RED); 
  outtextxy(405,280,"分数:"); 
  sprintf(str,"%d",score); 
  outtextxy(415,310,str); 
  outtextxy(405,375,"等级:"); 
  sprintf(str,"%d",rank); 
  outtextxy(425,405,str); 
  setfont(22,0, "楷体"); 
  setcolor(LIGHTBLUE); 
  outtextxy(390,475,"操作说明:"); 
  outtextxy(390,500,"↑: 旋转"); 
  outtextxy(390,525,"↓: 下降"); 
  outtextxy(390,550,"←: 左移"); 
  outtextxy(390,575,"→: 右移"); 
  outtextxy(390,600,"空格: 暂停"); 
 } 
 void nextblock() 
 { 
 int i,j,x=391,y=71; 
 setfont(23,0,"楷体"); 
 setcolor(BLACK); 
 for(i=0;i<5;i++) 
  for(j=0;j<5;j++) 
  outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■"); 
  srand(time(NULL)); 
  a=rand()%9; 
  setcolor(color[a]); 
  for(i=0;i<5;i++) 
  for(j=0;j<5;j++) 
   if(block[4*a][i][j]==1) 
   outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■"); 
 } 
 void newblock() 
 { 
 int i,j,x=130,y=30,A=a; 
 if(A==0||A==1||A==6) 
  y-=60; 
 else if(A==2||A==3||A==5||A==7||A==8) 
  y-=40; 
 else 
  y-=80; 
 setfont(23,0,"楷体"); 
 setcolor(color[A]); 
 for(i=0;i<5;i++) 
  for(j=0;j<5;j++) 
  if(block[4*A][i][j]==1&&y+20*i>=30) 
   outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■"); 
  Sleep(100); 
  nextblock(); 
  move(x,y,A); 
 } 
 void move(int x,int y,int A) 
 { 
 int i,j,f,k=0,next=0,Speed=speed,key,nex; 
 while(1) 
 { 
  f=couldmove(x,y+k,A,'x',next); 
  if(f==0) 
  { 
  mark(x,y+k,A,next); 
  break; 
  } 
  if(kbhit()) 
  { 
  key=getch(); 
  if(key==32) 
   getch(); 
  } 
  setcolor(BLACK); 
  for(i=0;i<5;i++) 
  for(j=0;j<5;j++) 
   if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&y+20*i+k>=30) 
   outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i+k,"■"); 
   if(kbhit()) 
   { 
   key=getch(); 
   if(key==72) 
   { 
    nex=(next+1)%4; 
    if(couldrotate(x,y+k,A,nex)) 
    next=nex; 
   } 
   else if(key==80) 
    Speed=50; 
   else if(key==75&&couldmove(x,y+k+20,A,'z',next)) 
    x-=20; 
   else if(key==77&&couldmove(x,y+k+20,A,'y',next)) 
    x+=20; 
   } 
   setcolor(color[A]); 
   for(i=0;i<5;i++) 
   for(j=0;j<5;j++) 
    if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&y+20*i+k+20>=30) 
    outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i+k+20,"■"); 
    Sleep(Speed); 
    k+=20; 
  } 
 } 
 int couldmove(int x0,int y0,int A,char dir,int next) 
 { 
 int i,j,x,y,f=1; 
 x=(y0-minY)/20; 
 y=(x0-minX)/20; 
 if(dir=='x') 
 { 
  for(i=0;i<5;i++) 
  for(j=0;j<5;j++) 
  if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(x+i+1==30||(x+i+1>=0&&x+i+1<30&&y+j>=0&&y+j<15&&visit[x+i+1][y+j]==1))) 
   f=0; 
 } 
 else if(dir=='z') 
 { 
  for(i=0;i<5;i++) 
  for(j=0;j<5;j++) 
   if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j==0||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j-1>=0&&y+j-1<15&&visit[x+i][y+j-1]==1))) 
   f=0; 
 } 
 else if(dir=='y') 
 { 
  for(i=0;i<5;i++) 
  for(j=0;j<5;j++) 
   if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j+1==15||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j+1>=0&&y+j+1<15&&visit[x+i][y+j+1]==1))) 
   f=0; 
 } 
 return f; 
 } 
 int couldrotate(int x0,int y0,int A,int next) 
 { 
 int i,j,x,y,f=1; 
 x=(y0-minY)/20; 
 y=(x0-minX)/20; 
 if(!couldmove(x0,y0,A,'x',next)) 
  f=0; 
 for(i=0;i<5;i++) 
  for(j=0;j<5;j++) 
  if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j==-1||y+j==15||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j>=0&&y+j<15&&visit[x+i][y+j]==1))) 
   f=0; 
  return f; 
 } 
 void mark(int x0,int y0,int A,int next) 
 { 
 int i,j,x,y; 
 x=(y0-minY)/20; 
 y=(x0-minX)/20; 
 for(i=0;i<5;i++) 
  for(j=0;j<5;j++) 
  if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1) 
  { 
   visit[x+i][y+j]=1; 
   Color[x+i][y+j]=color[A]; 
  } 
 } 
 void full() 
 { 
 int i,j,k=0; 
 char str[10]; 
 for(i=29;i>=0;i--) 
 { 
  for(j=0;j<15;j++) 
  if(visit[i][j]==0) 
   break; 
  if(j==15) 
  { 
   k++; 
   down(i); 
   i++; 
  } 
 } 
 setcolor(RED); 
 score+=10*k; 
 sprintf(str,"%d",score); 
 outtextxy(415,310,str); 
 rank=(score/50); 
 sprintf(str,"%d",rank); 
 outtextxy(425,405,str); 
 speed=500-100*rank; 
 if(speed==0) 
  speed=100; 
 if(score>=300) 
  speed=75; 
 } 
 void down(int x) 
 { 
 int i,j; 
 for(i=x;i>0;i--) 
  for(j=0;j<15;j++) 
  if(visit[i-1][j]==1) 
  { 
   visit[i][j]=visit[i-1][j]; 
   Color[i][j]=Color[i-1][j]; 
   setcolor(Color[i-1][j]); 
   outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY+20*i,"■"); 
  } 
  else 
  { 
   visit[i][j]=visit[i-1][j]; 
   setcolor(BLACK); 
   outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY+20*i,"■"); 
  } 
  setcolor(BLACK); 
  for(j=0;j<15;j++) 
  { 
   visit[0][j]=0; 
   outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY,"■"); 
  } 
 } 
 int gameover() 
 { 
 int i,j; 
 for(i=0;i<15;i++) 
  if(visit[0][i]==1) 
  { 
  for(i=0;i<=7;i++) 
  { 
   setcolor(RGB(35*i,255-35*i,255)); 
   for(j=i;j<30-i;j++,Sleep(20)) 
   outtextxy(30+20*i,30+20*j,"■"); 
   for(j=i;j<15-i;j++,Sleep(20)) 
   outtextxy(30+20*j,30+20*(29-i),"■"); 
   for(j=30-1-i;j>=i;j--,Sleep(20)) 
   outtextxy(30+20*(14-i),30+20*j,"■"); 
   for(j=15-1-i;j>=i;j--,Sleep(20)) 
   outtextxy(30+20*j,30+20*i,"■"); 
  } 
  setcolor(WHITE); 
  setfont(45,0,"隶体"); 
  outtextxy(75,300,"GAME OVER!"); 
  Sleep(5000); 
  return 1; 
  } 
  return 0; 
 } 

我设置的一行能放15个小格子，一共能放30行，二维数组visit[30][15],来判断某个位置是否有方块，比如visit[29][5]=1表示第30行第6个方块的位置有方块了，0表示没方块,Color[30][15]用来记录某个位置的方块的颜色。minX=30,minY=30表示左上角的方块也就是第1行第1列的方块对应在界面的坐标，maxX,maxY同理。speed表示方块的下落速度，一开始初始化为500，没0.5s往下落一行，score记录分数，每消一行加10分，rank表示等级，每50分等级+1，且速度减100，当速度减到100时，就不变了，只有当分数超过300速度才会减为75，且以后都不会再减少了。

我一个设计了9种方块，每种方块都有4种形态，每顺时针旋转90°就有一种形态，所以一共是36个方块。每个方块都用5*5的二维数组来表示，36种就是36个二维数组，所以用block[36][5][5]来表示，block[k][5][5],（k<36&&k%4==0）表示每种方块的初始形态，k+1，+2，+3,分别表示第k种方块选择90°、180°、270°之后的形态。比如block[1][5][5]保存的是第1种方块旋转90°的方块，其中block[1][i][j]=1表示这个方块第i+1行，j+1列有一个小方块，=0代表没有，所以我的block[36][5][5]，有36行，一行25个数列，表示一种方块。一维数组color[]依次表示9种方块的颜色。

附上效果图：

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