保姆级python教程写个贪吃蛇大冒险

导语 ​

贪吃蛇，大家应该都玩过。当初第一次接触贪吃蛇的时候 ，还是我爸的数字手机，考试成绩比较好，就会得到一些小奖励，玩手机游戏肯定也在其中首位，毕竟小孩子天性都喜欢~

当时都能玩的不亦乐乎。今天，我们用Python编程一个贪吃蛇游戏哦~

正文

1.将使用两个主要的类(蛇和立方体)。

#Snake Tutorial Python
 
import math
import random
import pygame
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
 
class cube(object):
    rows = 20
    w = 500
    def __init__(self,start,dirnx=1,dirny=0,color=(255,0,0)):
        pass
        
    def move(self, dirnx, dirny):
        pass
    
    def draw(self, surface, eyes=False):
        pass
        
 
class snake(object):
    def __init__(self, color, pos):
        pass
 
    def move(self):
        pass
        
 
    def reset(self, pos):
        pass
 
    def addCube(self):
        pass
        
 
    def draw(self, surface):
        pass
 
 
def drawGrid(w, rows, surface):
    pass
        
 
def redrawWindow(surface):
    pass
 
 
def randomSnack(rows, item):
    pass
 
 
def message_box(subject, content):
    pass
 
 
def main():
    pass
 
 
 
main()

2.创造游戏循环：

在所有的游戏中，我们都有一个叫做“主循环”或“游戏循环”的循环。该循环将持续运行，直到游戏退出。它主要负责检查事件，并基于这些事件调用函数和方法。

我们将在main()功能。在函数的顶部声明一些变量，然后进入while循环，这将代表我们的游戏循环。

def main(): 
    global width, rows, s
    width = 500  # Width of our screen
    height = 500  # Height of our screen
    rows = 20  # Amount of rows
 
    win = pygame.display.set_mode((width, height))  # Creates our screen object
 
    s = snake((255,0,0), (10,10))  # Creates a snake object which we will code later
  
    clock = pygame.time.Clock() # creating a clock object
 
    flag = True
    # STARTING MAIN LOOP
    while flag:
        pygame.time.delay(50)  # This will delay the game so it doesn't run too quickly
        clock.tick(10)  # Will ensure our game runs at 10 FPS
        redrawWindow(win)  # This will refresh our screen  

​3.更新屏幕：通常，在一个函数或方法中绘制所有对象是一种很好的做法。我们将使用重绘窗口函数来更新显示。我们在游戏循环中每一帧调用一次这个函数。稍后我们将向该函数添加更多内容。然而，现在我们将简单地绘制网格线。

def redrawWindow(surface):
    surface.fill((0,0,0))  # Fills the screen with black
    drawGrid(surface)  # Will draw our grid lines
    pygame.display.update()  # Updates the screen

4.绘制网格：现在将绘制代表20x20网格的线条。

def drawGrid(w, rows, surface):
    sizeBtwn = w // rows  # Gives us the distance between the lines
 
    x = 0  # Keeps track of the current x
    y = 0  # Keeps track of the current y
    for l in range(rows):  # We will draw one vertical and one horizontal line each loop
        x = x + sizeBtwn
        y = y + sizeBtwn
 
        pygame.draw.line(surface, (255,255,255), (x,0),(x,w))
        pygame.draw.line(surface, (255,255,255), (0,y),(w,y))

5.现在当我们运行程序时，我们可以看到网格线被画出来。

6.开始制作贪吃蛇：蛇对象将包含一个代表蛇身体的立方体列表。我们将把这些立方体存储在一个名为body的列表中，它将是一个类变量。我们还将有一个名为turns的类变量。为了开始蛇类，对__init__()方法并添加类变量。

class snake(object):
    body = []
    turns = {}
    def __init__(self, color, pos):
        self.color = color
        self.head = cube(pos)  # The head will be the front of the snake
        self.body.append(self.head)  # We will add head (which is a cube object)
        # to our body list
 
        # These will represent the direction our snake is moving
        self.dirnx = 0 
        self.dirny = 1

7.这款游戏最复杂的部分就是翻蛇。我们需要记住我们把我们的蛇转向了哪里和哪个方向，这样当头部后面的立方体到达那个位置时，我们也可以把它们转向。这就是为什么每当我们转向时，我们会将头部的位置添加到转向字典中，其中值是我们转向的方向。这样，当其他立方体到达这个位置时，我们就知道如何转动它们了。

class snake(object):
    ...
    def move(self):
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
 
            keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
 
            for key in keys:
                if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
                    self.dirnx = -1
                    self.dirny = 0
                    self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]
 
                elif keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
                    self.dirnx = 1
                    self.dirny = 0
                    self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]
 
                elif keys[pygame.K_UP]:
                    self.dirnx = 0
                    self.dirny = -1
                    self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]
 
                elif keys[pygame.K_DOWN]:
                    self.dirnx = 0
                    self.dirny = 1
                    self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]
 
        for i, c in enumerate(self.body):  # Loop through every cube in our body
            p = c.pos[:]  # This stores the cubes position on the grid
            if p in self.turns:  # If the cubes current position is one where we turned
                turn = self.turns[p]  # Get the direction we should turn
                c.move(turn[0],turn[1])  # Move our cube in that direction
                if i == len(self.body)-1:  # If this is the last cube in our body remove the turn from the dict
                    self.turns.pop(p)
            else:  # If we are not turning the cube
                # If the cube reaches the edge of the screen we will make it appear on the opposite side
                if c.dirnx == -1 and c.pos[0] <= 0: c.pos = (c.rows-1, c.pos[1])
                elif c.dirnx == 1 and c.pos[0] >= c.rows-1: c.pos = (0,c.pos[1])
                elif c.dirny == 1 and c.pos[1] >= c.rows-1: c.pos = (c.pos[0], 0)
                elif c.dirny == -1 and c.pos[1] <= 0: c.pos = (c.pos[0],c.rows-1)
                else: c.move(c.dirnx,c.dirny)  # If we haven't reached the edge just move in our current direction

8.画蛇：我们只需画出身体中的每个立方体对象。我们将在蛇身上做这个绘制()方法。

class snake(object):
    ...
    def draw(self):
        for i, c in enumerate(self.body):
            if i == 0:  # for the first cube in the list we want to draw eyes
                c.draw(surface, True)  # adding the true as an argument will tell us to draw eyes
            else:
                c.draw(surface)  # otherwise we will just draw a cube 

9.结束游戏当我们的蛇物体与自己碰撞时，我们就输了。为了检查这一点，我们在main()游戏循环中的功能。

for x in range(len(s.body)):
    if s.body[x].pos in list(map(lambda z:z.pos,s.body[x+1:])): # This will check if any of the positions in our body list overlap
        print('Score: ', len(s.body))
        message_box('You Lost!', 'Play again...')
        s.reset((10,10))
        break

10.蛇类–重置()方法现在我们将对重置()方法。所有这些将会做的是重置蛇，这样我们可以在之后再次玩。

class snake():
    ...
    def reset(self, pos):
        self.head = cube(pos)
        self.body = []
        self.body.append(self.head)
        self.turns = {}
        self.dirnx = 0
        self.dirny = 1

下面我们先看看效果：

​

总结

好了🐍蛇蛇大作战就写完啦！

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