PHP中常用的缓存技术介绍

<?php
$sql = 'SELECT * FROM users';
$key = md5($sql);   //memcached 对象标识符
if ( !($datas = $mc->get($key)) ) {
    //    在 memcached 中未获取到缓存数据，则使用数据库查询获取记录集。
    echo "n".str_pad('Read datas from MySQL.', 60, '_')."n";
    $conn = mysql_connect('localhost', 'test', 'test');
    mysql_select_db('test');
    $result = mysql_query($sql);
      while ($row = mysql_fetch_object($result))
        $datas[] = $row;
    //    将数据库中获取到的结果集数据保存到 memcached 中，以供下次访问时使用。
    $mc->add($key, $datas);
} else {
      echo "n".str_pad('Read datas from memcached.', 60, '_')."n";
}
var_dump($datas);
?>

<?php
define('DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR','/');
define('FOPEN_WRITE_CREATE_DESTRUCTIVE','wb');
define('FOPEN_WRITE_CREATE','ab');
define('DIR_WRITE_MODE', 0777);
class FileCache {

 /**
     * 缓存路径
     *
     * @access private
     * @var string
     */
 private $_cache_path;

 /**
     * 缓存过期时间，单位是秒second
     *
     * @access private
     * @var int
     */
 private $_cache_expire;
 
 /**
     * 解析函数，设置缓存过期实践和存储路径
     *
     * @access public
     * @return void
     */
 public function __construct($expire, $cache_path)
 {
  $this->_cache_expire = $expire;
  $this->_cache_path = $cache_path;
 }
 
 /**
     * 缓存文件名
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  string $key
     * @return void
     */
 private function _file($key)
 {
  return $this->_cache_path . md5($key);
 }
 
 /**
     * 设置缓存
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  string $key 缓存的唯一键
     * @param  string $data 缓存的内容
     * @return bool
     */
 public function set($key, $data)
 {
  $value = serialize($data);
 
  $file = $this->_file($key);
 
     return $this->write_file($file, $value);
 }
 
 /**
     * 获取缓存
     *
     * @access public
     * @param  string $key 缓存的唯一键
     * @return mixed
     */
 public function get($key)
 {
  $file = $this->_file($key);
 
  /** 文件不存在或目录不可写 */
  if (!file_exists($file) || !$this->is_really_writable($file))
  {
   return false;
  }
 
  /** 缓存没有过期，仍然可用 */
  if ( time() < (filemtime($file) + $this->_cache_expire) )
  {
  
   $data = $this->read_file($file);
  
   if(FALSE !== $data)
   {
    return unserialize($data);
   }
  
   return FALSE;
  }
 
  /** 缓存过期，删除之 */
  @unlink($file);
  return FALSE;
  }
 
  function read_file($file)
 {
  if ( ! file_exists($file))
  {
   return FALSE;
  }
 
  if (function_exists('file_get_contents'))
  {
   return file_get_contents($file); 
  }

  if ( ! $fp = @fopen($file, FOPEN_READ))
  {
   return FALSE;
  }
 
  flock($fp, LOCK_SH);//读取之前加上共享锁
 
  $data = '';
  if (filesize($file) > 0)
  {
   $data =& fread($fp, filesize($file));
  }

  flock($fp, LOCK_UN);//释放锁
  fclose($fp);

  return $data;
 }
 
  function write_file($path, $data, $mode = FOPEN_WRITE_CREATE_DESTRUCTIVE)
 {
  if ( ! $fp = @fopen($path, $mode))
  {
   return FALSE;
  }
 
  flock($fp, LOCK_EX);
  fwrite($fp, $data);
  flock($fp, LOCK_UN);
  fclose($fp);
 
  return TRUE;
 }
 function is_really_writable($file)//兼容各平台判断文件是否有写入权限
 {
  // If we're on a Unix server with safe_mode off we call is_writable
  if (DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR == '/' AND @ini_get("safe_mode") == FALSE)
  {
   return is_writable($file);
  }
 
  // For windows servers and safe_mode "on" installations we'll actually
  // write a file then read it.  Bah...
  if (is_dir($file))
  {
   $file = rtrim($file, '/').'/'.md5(rand(1,100));
 
   if (($fp = @fopen($file, FOPEN_WRITE_CREATE)) === FALSE)
   {
    return FALSE;
   }
 
   fclose($fp);
   @chmod($file, DIR_WRITE_MODE);
   @unlink($file);
   return TRUE;
  }
  elseif (($fp = @fopen($file, FOPEN_WRITE_CREATE)) === FALSE)
  {
   return FALSE;
  }
 
  fclose($fp);
  return TRUE;
 }
}
$cache = new FileCache(30,'cache/');
$cache->set('test','this is a test.');
print $cache->get('test');
/* End of file FlieCache.php */

<?PHP
 
class MemcacheModel {
private $mc = null;
/**
* 构造方法,用于添加服务器并创建memcahced对象
*/
function __construct(){
$params = func_get_args();
$mc = new Memcache;
//如果有多个memcache服务器
if( count($params) > 1){
foreach ($params as $v){
call_user_func_array(array($mc, 'addServer'), $v);
}
//如果只有一个memcache服务器
} else {
call_user_func_array(array($mc, 'addServer'), $params[0]);
}
$this->mc=$mc;
}
/**
* 获取memcached对象
* @return object memcached对象
*/
function getMem(){
return $this->mc;
}
/**
* 检查mem是否连接成功
* @return bool 连接成功返回true,否则返回false
*/
function mem_connect_error(){
$stats=$this->mc->getStats();
if(empty($stats)){
return false;
}else{
return true;
}
}
private function addKey($tabName, $key){
$keys=$this->mc->get($tabName);
if(empty($keys)){
$keys=array();
}
//如果key不存在,就添加一个
if(!in_array($key, $keys)) {
$keys[]=$key;  //将新的key添加到本表的keys中
$this->mc->set($tabName, $keys, MEMCACHE_COMPRESSED, 0);
return true;   //不存在返回true
}else{
return false;  //存在返回false
}
}
/**
* 向memcache中添加数据
* @param string $tabName 需要缓存数据表的表名
* @param string $sql 使用sql作为memcache的key
* @param mixed $data 需要缓存的数据
*/
function addCache($tabName, $sql, $data){
$key=md5($sql);
//如果不存在
if($this->addKey($tabName, $key)){
$this->mc->set($key, $data, MEMCACHE_COMPRESSED, 0);
}
}
/**
* 获取memcahce中保存的数据
* @param string $sql 使用SQL的key
* @return mixed 返回缓存中的数据
*/
function getCache($sql){
$key=md5($sql);
return $this->mc->get($key);
}

/**
* 删除和同一个表相关的所有缓存
* @param string $tabName 数据表的表名
*/
function delCache($tabName){
$keys=$this->mc->get($tabName);
//删除同一个表的所有缓存
if(!empty($keys)){
foreach($keys as $key){
$this->mc->delete($key, 0); //0 表示立刻删除
}
}
//删除表的所有sql的key
$this->mc->delete($tabName, 0);
}
/**
* 删除单独一个语句的缓存
* @param string $sql 执行的SQL语句
*/
function delone($sql){
$key=md5($sql);
$this->mc->delete($key, 0); //0 表示立刻删除
}
}

Return Array(

‘ActionName’=>array(‘静态规则’,’静态缓存有效期’,’附加规则’), //第一种

‘ModuleName:ActionName’=>array(‘静态规则’,’静态缓存有效期’,’附加规则’),//第二种

‘*’=>array(‘静态规则’,’静态缓存有效期’,’附加规则’),//第三种

…更多操作的静态规则

) 

<?php
require('./smarty/Smarty.class.php');
$smarty = new Smarty;

$smarty->caching = true;

if(!$smarty->is_cached('index.tpl')) {
    // No cache available, do variable assignments here.
    $contents = get_database_contents();
    $smarty->assign($contents);
}

$smarty->display('index.tpl');
?>

$a=0;
这个时候
empty($a) == true;
isset($a) == true;

$a=1;
这个时候
empty($a) == false;
isset($a) == true;

在没有定义$a的时候，isset($a) == true;
empty($a) == true;

//$a=0;
//这个时候
var_dump (empty($a));// == true;
var_dump (isset($a));// == true;

//$a=1;
//这个时候
var_dump (empty($a));// == false;
var_dump (isset($a));// == true;

//在变量没有被定义$bbbbbbbbbb的时候，

var_dump (isset($bbbbbbbbbb));// == false;
var_dump (empty($bbbbbbbbbb));// == true;

<?php

/**
*    isset  — 检测变量是否设置
*    如果 变量 存在则返回 true， 否则返回 false
*
*    empty  — 检查一个变量是否为空
*    如果 变量 是非空或非零的值，则 empty() 返回 false
**/

$is_var = '';

if(isset($is_var)) {
    echo "变量存在！<br />";
} else {
    echo "变量不存在！<br />";
}

if(empty($is_var)) {
    echo "变量为空！<br />";
} else {
    echo "变量不为空！<br />";
}

?>

<?php
if (isset($_GET['dir'])){ //设置文件目录
$basedir=$_GET['dir'];
}else{
$basedir = '.';
}
$auto = 1;
checkdir($basedir);

function checkdir($basedir){
if ($dh = opendir($basedir)) {
  while (($file = readdir($dh)) !== false) {
   if ($file != '.' && $file != '..'){
    if (!is_dir($basedir."/".$file)) {
     echo "filename: $basedir/$file ".checkBOM("$basedir/$file")." <br>";
    }else{
     $dirname = $basedir."/".$file;
     checkdir($dirname);
    }
   }
  }
closedir($dh);
}
}

function checkBOM ($filename) {
global $auto;
$contents = file_get_contents($filename);
$charset[1] = substr($contents, 0, 1);
$charset[2] = substr($contents, 1, 1);
$charset[3] = substr($contents, 2, 1);
if (ord($charset[1]) == 239 && ord($charset[2]) == 187 && ord($charset[3]) == 191) {
  if ($auto == 1) {
   $rest = substr($contents, 3);
   rewrite ($filename, $rest);
   return ("<font color=red>BOM found, automatically removed.</font>");
  } else {
   return ("<font color=red>BOM found.</font>");
  }
}
else return ("BOM Not Found.");
}
function rewrite ($filename, $data) {
$filenum = fopen($filename, "w");
flock($filenum, LOCK_EX);
fwrite($filenum, $data);
fclose($filenum);
}
?>

// check if wap by xhatfunction
check_wap() {
 return stristr($_SERVER['HTTP_VIA'],"wap") ? true : false;
}

<?php
// check if wap
function check_wap(){
 if(stristr($_SERVER['HTTP_VIA'],"wap")){// 先检查是否为wap代理，准确度高
  return true;
 }elseif(strpos(strtoupper($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT']),"VND.WAP.WML") > 0){// 检查浏览器是否接受 WML.
  return true;
   }elseif(preg_match('/(blackberry|configuration/cldc|hp |hp-|htc |htc_|htc-|iemobile|kindle|midp|mmp|motorola|mobile|nokia|opera mini|opera |Googlebot-Mobile|YahooSeeker/M1A1-R2D2|android|iphone|ipod|mobi|palm|palmos|pocket|portalmmm|ppc;|smartphone|sonyericsson|sqh|spv|symbian|treo|up.browser|up.link|vodafone|windows ce|xda |xda_)/i', $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'])){//检查USER_AGENT
  return true;    
 }else{
  return false; 
   }
  
}

//判断是否属手机
function is_mobile() {
 $user_agent = $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
 $mobile_agents = Array("240x320","acer","acoon","acs-","abacho","ahong","airness","alcatel","amoi","android","anywhereyougo.com","applewebkit/525","applewebkit/532","asus","audio","au-mic","avantogo","becker","benq","bilbo","bird","blackberry","blazer","bleu","cdm-","compal","coolpad","danger","dbtel","dopod","elaine","eric","etouch","fly ","fly_","fly-","go.web","goodaccess","gradiente","grundig","haier","hedy","hitachi","htc","huawei","hutchison","inno","ipad","ipaq","ipod","jbrowser","kddi","kgt","kwc","lenovo","lg ","lg2","lg3","lg4","lg5","lg7","lg8","lg9","lg-","lge-","lge9","longcos","maemo","mercator","meridian","micromax","midp","mini","mitsu","mmm","mmp","mobi","mot-","moto","nec-","netfront","newgen","nexian","nf-browser","nintendo","nitro","nokia","nook","novarra","obigo","palm","panasonic","pantech","philips","phone","pg-","playstation","pocket","pt-","qc-","qtek","rover","sagem","sama","samu","sanyo","samsung","sch-","scooter","sec-","sendo","sgh-","sharp","siemens","sie-","softbank","sony","spice","sprint","spv","symbian","tablet","talkabout","tcl-","teleca","telit","tianyu","tim-","toshiba","tsm","up.browser","utec","utstar","verykool","virgin","vk-","voda","voxtel","vx","wap","wellco","wig browser","wii","windows ce","wireless","xda","xde","zte");
 $is_mobile = false;
 foreach ($mobile_agents as $device) {
  if (stristr($user_agent, $device)) {
   $is_mobile = true;
   break;
  }
 }
 return $is_mobile;
}

if( is_mobile() ){
  include('手机访问.php文件即可');exit;
}

<?php

## 设置文件644，目录755
function AllDirChmod( $dir = "./", $dirModes = 0755, $fileModes = 0644 ){
   $d = new RecursiveDirectoryIterator( $dir );
   foreach( new RecursiveIteratorIterator( $d, 1 ) as $path ){
      if( $path->isDir() ) chmod( $path, $dirModes );
      else if( is_file( $path ) ) chmod( $path, $fileModes );
  }
}

## 清除指定目录
function cleandir($dir) {
    if ($handle = opendir($dir)) {
        while (false !== ($file = readdir($handle))) {
            if ($file != '.' && $file != '..' && is_file($dir.'/'.$file)) {
                if (unlink($dir.'/'.$file)) { }
                else { echo $dir . '/' . $file . ' (file) NOT deleted!<br />'; }
            }
            else if ($file != '.' && $file != '..' && is_dir($dir.'/'.$file)) {
                cleandir($dir.'/'.$file);
                if (rmdir($dir.'/'.$file)) { }
                else { echo $dir . '/' . $file . ' (directory) NOT deleted!<br />'; }
            }
        }
        closedir($handle);
    }
}

## 判断目录是否为空
function isDirEmpty($dir){
     return (($files = @scandir($dir)) && count($files) <= 2);
}

echo "----------------------- CLEANUP START -------------------------<br/>";
$start = (float) array_sum(explode(' ',microtime()));
echo "<br/>*************** SETTING PERMISSIONS ***************<br/>";
echo "Setting all folder permissions to 755<br/>";
echo "Setting all file permissions to 644<br/>";
AllDirChmod( "." );
echo "Setting pear permissions to 550<br/>";
chmod("pear", 550);

echo "<br/>****************** CLEARING CACHE ******************<br/>";

if (file_exists("var/cache")) {
    echo "Clearing var/cache<br/>";
    cleandir("var/cache");
}

if (file_exists("var/session")) {
    echo "Clearing var/session<br/>";
    cleandir("var/session");
}

if (file_exists("var/minifycache")) {
    echo "Clearing var/minifycache<br/>";
    cleandir("var/minifycache");
}

if (file_exists("downloader/pearlib/cache")) {
    echo "Clearing downloader/pearlib/cache<br/>";
    cleandir("downloader/pearlib/cache");
}

if (file_exists("downloader/pearlib/download")) {
    echo "Clearing downloader/pearlib/download<br/>";
    cleandir("downloader/pearlib/download");
}

if (file_exists("downloader/pearlib/pear.ini")) {
    echo "Removing downloader/pearlib/pear.ini<br/>";
    unlink ("downloader/pearlib/pear.ini");
}

echo "<br/>************** CHECKING FOR EXTENSIONS ***********<br/>";
If (!isDirEmpty("app/code/local/")) {
    echo "-= WARNING =- Overrides or extensions exist in the app/code/local folder<br/>";
}
If (!isDirEmpty("app/code/community/")) {
    echo "-= WARNING =- Overrides or extensions exist in the app/code/community folder<br/>";
}
$end = (float) array_sum(explode(' ',microtime()));
echo "<br/>------------------- CLEANUP COMPLETED in:". sprintf("%.4f", ($end-$start))." seconds ------------------<br/>";
?>