PHP中关联数组的用法详解

$stateCapitals = array( 
  'Alabama' => 'Montgomery', 
  'Alaska'  => 'Juneau', 
  'Arizona' => 'Phoenix' 
); 
$countryCapitals = array ( 
  'Australia' => 'Canberra', 
  'Austria'   => 'Vienna', 
  'Algeria'   => 'Algiers' 
); 
$capitals = array_merge($stateCapitals, $countryCapitals); 

function capitalize($element) 
{ 
  $element = strtolower($element); 
  return ucwords($element); 
} 
$capitals = array( 
  'Alabama' => 'montGoMEry', 
  'Alaska'  => 'Juneau', 
  'Arizona' => 'phoeniX' 
); 
$capitals = array_map("capitalize", $capitals); 

$capitals = array( 
  'Arizona' => 'Phoenix', 
  'Alaska'  => 'Juneau', 
  'Alabama' => 'Montgomery' 
); 
$state = array_search('Juneau', $capitals); 
// $state = 'Alaska' 

$capitals = array( 
  'Arizona' => 'Phoenix', 
  'Alaska'  => 'Juneau', 
  'Alabama' => 'Montgomery' 
); 
$arrayObject = new ArrayObject($capitals); 
foreach ($arrayObject as $state => $capital) 
{ 
  printf("The capital of %s is %s<br />", $state, $capital); 
} 
// The capital of Arizona is Phoenix 
// The capital of Alaska is Juneau 
// The capital of Alabama is Montgomery

<?php
$sports = array(
    'football' => 'good',
    'swimming' => 'very well',
    'running'  => 'not good'
 );
 
while ($elem = each($sports)) {
    echo $elem['key'].": ".$elem['value']."<br />";
}
?>

程序运行结果：

football: good
swimming: very well
running: not good

<?php
$sports = array(
    'football' => 'good',
    'swimming' => 'very well',
    'running'  => 'not good'
 );
 
while (list($key, $value) = each($sports)) {
    echo $key.": ".$value."<br />";
}
?>

程序运行结果：

football: good
swimming: very well
running: not good

<?php
$arrayHash = array();
foreach($arrayN as $nameN) {
   // 本行执行了 N 次。
   $arrayHash[$nameN] = 1;
}
 

foreach($arrayM as $keyM => $nameM) {
   if (isset($arrayHash[$nameM])) {
   // 本行执行了 M 次！
   unset($arrayM[$keyM]);
   }
}
return $arrayM;
?>

if (!isset( $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA ) ) {  
    $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA = file_get_contents('php://input');  
}  
 
// fix for mozBlog and other cases where xml isn't on the very first line  
if ( isset($HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA) )  
    $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA = trim($HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA); 

“php://input allows you to read raw POST data. It is a less memory intensive alternative to $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA and does not need any special php.ini directives. php://input is not available with enctype=”multipart/form-data”.

<?php
//@file phpinput_server.php
$raw_post_data = file_get_contents('php://input', 'r');
echo "-------$_POST------------------n";
echo var_dump($_POST) . "n";
echo "-------php://input-------------n";
echo $raw_post_data . "n";
?>
?
<?php
//@file phpinput_post.php
$http_entity_body = 'n=' . urldecode('perfgeeks') . '&amp;p=' . urldecode('7788');
$http_entity_type = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
$http_entity_length = strlen($http_entity_body);
$host = '192.168.0.6';
$port = 80;
$path = '/phpinput_server.php';
$fp = fsockopen($host, $port, $error_no, $error_desc, 30);
if ($fp) {
  fputs($fp, "POST {$path} HTTP/1.1rn");
  fputs($fp, "Host: {$host}rn");
  fputs($fp, "Content-Type: {$http_entity_type}rn");
  fputs($fp, "Content-Length: {$http_entity_length}rn");
  fputs($fp, "Connection: closernrn");
  fputs($fp, $http_entity_body . "rnrn");
?
  while (!feof($fp)) {
    $d .= fgets($fp, 4096);
  }
  fclose($fp);
  echo $d;
}
?>

@php /phpinput_post.phpHTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 08 Apr 2010 03:23:36 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.3 (CentOS)
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.1.6
Content-Length: 160
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
-------$_POST------------------
array(2) {
  ["n"]=> string(9) "perfgeeks"
  ["p"]=> string(4) "7788"
}
-------php://input-------------
n=perfgeeks&p=7788通过ngrep抓到的http请求包如下:

T 192.168.0.8:57846 -> 192.168.0.6:80 [AP]
  POST /phpinput_server.php HTTP/1.1..
  Host: 192.168.0.6..Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded..Co
  ntent-Length: 18..Connection: close....n=perfgeeks&p=7788....

<?php
//@file phpinput_xmlrpc.php
$http_entity_body = "nn   jt_userinfon";
$http_entity_type = 'text/html';
$http_entity_length = strlen($http_entity_body);
$host = '192.168.0.6';
$port = 80;
$path = '/phpinput_server.php';
$fp = fsockopen($host, $port, $error_no, $error_desc, 30);
if ($fp) {
  fputs($fp, "POST {$path} HTTP/1.1rn");
  fputs($fp, "Host: {$host}rn");
  fputs($fp, "Content-Type: {$http_entity_type}rn");
  fputs($fp, "Content-Length: {$http_entity_length}rn");
  fputs($fp, "Connection: closernrn");
  fputs($fp, $http_entity_body . "rnrn");
  while (!feof($fp)) {
    $d .= fgets($fp, 4096);
  }
?
  fclose($fp);
  echo $d;
}
?>

@php /phpinput_xmlrcp.phpHTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 08 Apr 2010 03:47:18 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.3 (CentOS)
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.1.6
Content-Length: 154
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8

-------$_POST------------------
array(0) {
}

-------php://input-------------
<?xml version="1.0">
<methodcall>
   <name>jt_userinfo</name>
</methodcall>

<?php
//@file phpinput_server.php
$raw_post_data = file_get_contents('php://input', 'r');
echo "-------$_GET------------------n";
echo var_dump($_GET) . "n";
echo "-------php://input-------------n";
echo $raw_post_data . "n";
?>
?
<?php
//@file phpinput_get.php
$query_path = 'n=' . urldecode('perfgeeks') . '&amp;p=' . urldecode('7788');
$host = '192.168.0.6';
$port = 80;
$path = '/phpinput_server.php';
$d = '';
$fp = fsockopen($host, $port, $error_no, $error_desc, 30);
if ($fp) {
  fputs($fp, "GET {$path}?{$query_path} HTTP/1.1rn");
  fputs($fp, "Host: {$host}rn");
  fputs($fp, "Connection: closernrn");
?
  while (!feof($fp)) {
    $d .= fgets($fp, 4096);
  }
  fclose($fp);
  echo $d;
 }
?>

@php /phpinput_get.phpHTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 08 Apr 2010 07:38:15 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.3 (CentOS)
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.1.6
Content-Length: 141
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8

-------$_GET------------------
array(2) {
  ["n"]=>
  string(9) "perfgeeks"
  ["p"]=>
  string(4) "7788"
}

-------php://input-------------在这个时候，使用ngrep工具，捕获的相应的http请求数据包如下

T 192.168.0.8:36775 -> 192.168.0.6:80 [AP]
  GET /phpinput_server.php?n=perfgeeks&p=7788 HTTP/1.1..
  Host: 192.168.0.6..Connection: close....

<?
header("Content-type:image/jpeg");
function read_url($str)
{
$file=fopen($str,"r");
while(!feof($file))
{
$result.=fgets($file,9999);
}
fclose($file);
return $result;

}

function save_img($str)
{
$result=read_url($str);
$result=str_replace(""","",$result);
$result=str_replace("'","",$result);

preg_match_all('/<imgssrc=(http://.*?)(s(.*?)>|>)/i',$result,$matches);

foreach($matches[1] as $value)
{
echo $value."<br>n";
//GrabImage($value,$filename="");
}
}

// $url 是远程图片的完整URL地址，不能为空。
// $filename 是可选变量: 如果为空，本地文件名将基于时间和日期
// 自动生成.

function GrabImage($url,$filename="") {
if($url==""):return false;endif;

$path="download/"; //指定存储文件夹

//若文件不存在,则创建;
if(!file_exists($path)){
mkdir($path);
}

if($filename=="") {
$ext=strrchr($url,".");
if($ext!=".gif" && $ext!=".jpg"):return false;endif;
$filename=$path.date("dMYHis").$ext;
}

ob_start();
readfile($url);
$img = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
$size = strlen($img);

$fp2=@fopen($filename, "a");
fwrite($fp2,$img);
fclose($fp2);

return $filename;
}
save_img("http://www.111cn.net");
?>

 if(!empty($saveremoteimg))
        {
                $body = stripslashes($body);
                $img_array = array();
                preg_match_all("/(src|SRC)=[""|'| ]{0,}(http://(.*).(gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png))/isU",$body,$img_array);
                $img_array = array_unique($img_array[2]);
                set_time_limit(0);
                $imgUrl = $img_dir."/".strftime("%Y%m%d",time());
                $imgPath = $base_dir.$imgUrl;
                $milliSecond = strftime("%H%M%S",time());
                if(!is_dir($imgPath)) @mkdir($imgPath,0777);
                foreach($img_array as $key =>$value)
                {
                        $value = trim($value);
                        $get_file = @file_get_contents($value);
                        $rndFileName = $imgPath."/".$milliSecond.$key.".".substr($value,-3,3);
                        $fileurl = $imgUrl."/".$milliSecond.$key.".".substr($value,-3,3);
                        if($get_file)
                        {
                                $fp = @fopen($rndFileName,"w");
                                @fwrite($fp,$get_file);
                                @fclose($fp);
                        }
                        $body = ereg_replace($value,$fileurl,$body);
                }
                $body = addslashes($body);
        }

//查询
 
$dsql->SetQuery("SELECT * FROM category ORDER BY sortorder ASC");
$dsql->Execute('parentlist');
$array = array();
$parentlist = array();
while ($rs=$dsql->getObject('parentlist'))
{
    if($rs->parentid == 0)
    {
        $parentlist[$rs->id] = (array)$rs;
    }
    else
    {
        $array[$rs->id] = (array)$rs;
    }
}
$parentlist = cat_options($parentlist, $array);  //我们求的结果数组
 
//$list父级分类的数组
 
//$array是除父级分类外的全部分类的数组
 
function cat_options(&$list,&$array)
{
    foreach ($list as $key => $arr)
    {
        foreach ($array as $k => $value)
        {
            if($value['parentid'] == $arr['id'])
            {
                $list[$key]['children'][] = $value;
                unset($array[$k]);
            }
        }
    }
    foreach ($list as $key => $arr)
    {
        if(is_array($arr['children']) && count($arr['children']) > 0)
        {
            $list[$key]['children'] = cat_options($list[$key]['children'], $array);
        }
    }
    return $list;
}

--
-- 表的结构 `category`
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `category` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`type` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '1为文章类型2为产品类型3为下载类型',
`title` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`lft` int(11) NOT NULL,
`rgt` int(11) NOT NULL,
`lorder` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '排序',
`create_time` int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=10 ;
--
-- 导出表中的数据 `category`
--
INSERT INTO `category` (`id`, `type`, `title`, `lft`, `rgt`, `lorder`, `create_time`) VALUES
(1, 1, '顶级栏目', 1, 18, 1, 1261964806),
(2, 1, '公司简介', 14, 17, 50, 1264586212),
(3, 1, '新闻', 12, 13, 50, 1264586226),
(4, 2, '公司产品', 10, 11, 50, 1264586249),
(5, 1, '荣誉资质', 8, 9, 50, 1264586270),
(6, 3, '资料下载', 6, 7, 50, 1264586295),
(7, 1, '人才招聘', 4, 5, 50, 1264586314),
(8, 1, '留言板', 2, 3, 50, 1264586884),
(9, 1, '总裁', 15, 16, 50, 1267771951);

/**
* 显示树,把所有的节点都显示出来。
* 1、先得到根结点的左右值（默认根节点的title为“顶级目录”）。
* 2、查询左右值在根节点的左右值范围内的记录，并且根据左值排序。
* 3、如果本次记录右值大于前次记录的右值则为子分类，输出时候加空格。
* @return array
**/
function display_tree(){

//获得root左边和右边的值
$arr_lr = $this->category->where("title = '顶级栏目'")->find();
//print_r($arr_lr);
if($arr_lr){
$right = array();
$arr_tree = $this->category->query("SELECT id, type, title, rgt FROM category WHERE lft >= ". $arr_lr['lft'] ." AND lft <=".$arr_lr['rgt']." ORDER BY lft");
foreach($arr_tree as $v){
if(count($right)){
while ($right[count($right) -1] < $v['rgt']){
array_pop($right);
}
}
$title = $v['title'];
if(count($right)){
$title = '|-'.$title;
}
$arr_list[] = array('id' => $v['id'], 'type' => $type, 'title' => str_repeat(' ', count($right)).$title, 'name' =>$v['title']);
$right[] = $v['rgt'];
}
return $arr_list;
}
}

<?php
　　//打印一个三角形
　　for($i=0;$i<=3;$i++)
　　{
　　for($j=0;$j<=3-$i;$j++){
　　echo ‘&nbsp;’;
　　}
　　for($k=0;$k<=2*$i;$k++)
　　{
　　echo “*”;
　　}
　　echo ‘<br>’;
　　}
　　?>
　　<?php
　　//杨辉三角
　　for($i=0;$i<6;$i++)
　　{
　　//第一个和最后一个都为1
　　$a[$i][0]=1;
　　$a[$i][$i]=1;
　　}
　　for($i=2;$i<6;$i++){
　　for($j=1;$j<$i;$j++)
　　{
　　$a[$i][$j]=$a[$i-1][$i-1]+$a[$i-1][$j];
　　}
　　}
　　for($i=0;$i<6;$i++)
　　{
　　for($j=0;$j<=$i;$j++){
　　echo $a[$i][$j].’&nbsp;’;
　　}
　　echo ‘<br/>’;
　　}
　　?>
　　<?php
　　//合并多个数组
　　function t(){
　　$c=func_num_args()-1;//返回传递给函数的参数个数
　　$a=func_get_args();//返回一个数组，包括函数的参数列表
　　for($i=0;$i<=$c;$i++){
　　if(is_array($a[$i])){
　　for($j=0;$j<count($a[$i]);$j++){
　　$r[]=$a[$i][$j];
　　}
　　}else{
　　die(‘Not a array’);
　　}
　　}
　　return $r;
　　}
　　print_r(t(range(1,4),range(1,4),range(1,4)));
　　?>
　　<?php
　　//求牛
　　function cow($num,$y)
　　{
　　for($j=1;$j<$y;$j++)
　　{
　　if($j>=4 && $j<15)
　　{
　　$num++;
　　cow($num,$y-$j);
　　}
　　if($j==20)
　　$num–;
　　}
　　return $num;
　　}
　　echo cow(2,2);
　　?>
　　<?php
　　//顺序查找（数组里查找某个元素）
　　function seq_sch($array,$n,$k)//在某个位置之前查找某元素(不包括指定位置)
　　{
　　$array[$n]=$k;
　　for($i=0;$i<$n;$i++)
　　{
　　if($array[$i]==$k)
　　break;
　　}
　　if($i<$n)
　　return $i;
　　else
　　return -1;
　　}
　　$array=array(‘a’,'b’,'c’);
　　echo seq_sch($array,2,’b');
　　?>
　　<?php
　　function show($i)
　　{
　　if($i==1)
　　return 1;
　　else
　　return $i*show($i-1);
　　}
　　echo “<br>”;
　　echo show(3);
　　?>
　　<?php
　　//裴波那挈数列
　　function b($n)
　　{
　　if($n<2)
　　return $n;
　　else
　　return b($n-1)+show($n-2);
　　}
　　echo b(2);
　　?>