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Java应用服务器之tomcat部署的详细教程

 更新时间：2020年7月15日 11:06  点击：1692

　　一、相关术语简介

　　首先我们来了解下tomcat是什么，tomcat是apache软件基金会中的一个项目，由apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成。主要作用是提供servlet和jsp类库；tomcat是一个免费开源的web服务器，它和nginx、httpd服务不同的是，它不擅长处理HTML代码，更多的是处理JSP程序；有点类似fpm服务专门处理php程序；

　　jdk：java开发工具箱（Java Development Kit），主要提供java开发相关工具包，库文件以及jre和jvm相关组件，可以理解为java编程语言的一个基础标准库环境相关组件包和开发公具相关组件。

　　jre：java运行时环境（Java runtime environment），该软件主要提供运行Java程序的环境；我们可以理解jre就是jvm和一些标准类库组成的一个Java程序运行环境；

　　提示：从上面的图可以了解到JDK包含JRE，JRE包含jvm；

　　jvm：Java虚拟机（Java virtual machine）主要作用是让Java程序实现跨平台，我们可以理解Java虚拟机的作用就是在转换不同操作系统底层的API；这样一来Java程序员就直接面向jvm提供的API进行编程，从而不用考虑其他操作系统底层API的不同；如下图

　　提示：从上图就可以了解到jvm的重要性，它可以实现程序员一次编码，到处运行，正是jvm解决了底层操作系统不同API问题，使得java程序可以在任何具有jvm的设备上运行；

　　二、JDK安装

　　1、oracle jdk安装

　　oracle jdk 是oracle官方提供的一个jdk，安装我们可以直接去官方下载对应版本的包，到本地服务器即可；官方下载地址https://www.oracle.com/cn/java/technologies/javase-downloads.html；

　　提示：我这里是提前下载好了的，上面官方地址还需要注册挺麻烦的；下载好rpm ，然后直接使用yum安装即可

[root@lxc java]# yum install ./jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Examining ./jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm: 2000:jdk1.8-1.8.0_211-fcs.x86_64
Marking ./jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package jdk1.8.x86_64 2000:1.8.0_211-fcs will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
 
Dependencies Resolved
 
====================================================================================================
 Package   Arch   Version      Repository      Size
====================================================================================================
Installing:
 jdk1.8   x86_64   2000:1.8.0_211-fcs    /jdk-8u211-linux-x64   297 M
 
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
 
Total size: 297 M
Installed size: 297 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
 Installing : 2000:jdk1.8-1.8.0_211-fcs.x86_64             1/1
Unpacking JAR files...
  tools.jar...
  plugin.jar...
  javaws.jar...
  deploy.jar...
  rt.jar...
  jsse.jar...
  charsets.jar...
  localedata.jar...
 Verifying : 2000:jdk1.8-1.8.0_211-fcs.x86_64             1/1
 
Installed:
 jdk1.8.x86_64 2000:1.8.0_211-fcs                
Complete!
[root@lxc java]#

　　提示：当然直接使用rpm -ivh 也是可以直接安装的，这个jdk几乎没有依赖关系，所以可以直接通过rpm安装；通常有依赖关系的包建议还是使用yum去解决依赖关系；

　　查看jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm生成的文件

[root@lxc java]# rpm -qpi ./jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm
warning: ./jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
Name  : jdk1.8
Epoch  : 2000
Version  : 1.8.0_211
Release  : fcs
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: (not installed)
Group  : Development/Tools
Size  : 311820630
License  : https://java.com/bc_license
Signature : RSA/SHA256, Tue 02 Apr 2019 12:06:57 AM EDT, Key ID 72f97b74ec551f03
Source RPM : jdk1.8-1.8.0_211-fcs.src.rpm
Build Date : Mon 01 Apr 2019 11:55:52 PM EDT
Build Host : java.com
Relocations : /usr/java
Vendor  : Oracle Corporation
URL   : http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/overview/index.html
Summary  : Java Platform Standard Edition Development Kit
Description :
The Java Platform Standard Edition Development Kit (JDK) includes both
the runtime environment (Java virtual machine, the Java platform classes
and supporting files) and development tools (compilers, debuggers,
tool libraries and other tools).
 
The JDK is a development environment for building applications, applets
and components that can be deployed with the Java Platform Standard
Edition Runtime Environment.
[root@lxc java]# rpm -ql jdk1.8
/usr
/usr/java
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java/.systemPrefs
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java/.systemPrefs/.system.lock
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java/.systemPrefs/.systemRootModFile
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java/init.d
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java/init.d/jexec
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/COPYRIGHT
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/LICENSE
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/README.html
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME-JAVAFX.txt
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/bin
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/bin/ControlPanel
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/bin/appletviewer
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/bin/extcheck
……省略部分内容

　　提示：下载好的rpm包安装后，如果要查询其对应安装了那些文件，我们首先要知道它的名称是什么，用rpm -qpi命令可以查看到对应名称，然后我们再通过rpm -ql查看对应名称的软件安装生成了那些文件；从上面的信息可以看到jdk1.8生成的文件都在/usr/java/目录下；

　　提示：从上面的截图可以了解到在/usr/java/目录下有两个软连接，default默认指向了latest这个软连接，latest软连接指向了jdk1.8；这意味着jdk可以同时存在多个版本，我们只需要把对应软连接修改了即可更新到新的版本；这里需要提醒下，如果多版本并存的情况，我们可以使用alternatives工具来切换；

　　alternatives工具多版本相互切换

　　切换前，默认使用1.8.0.211版本

[root@lxc java]# alternatives --config java
 
There is 1 program that provides 'java'.
 
 Selection Command
-----------------------------------------------
*+ 1   /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/jre/bin/java
 
Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 1
[root@lxc java]# alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/java 2
[root@lxc java]# alternatives --config java
 
There are 2 programs which provide 'java'.
 
 Selection Command
-----------------------------------------------
*+ 1   /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/jre/bin/java
 2   /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/java
 
Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 2
[root@lxc java]# java -version
java version "1.7.0_79"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_79-b15)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode)
[root@lxc java]# alternatives --config java
 
There are 2 programs which provide 'java'.
 
 Selection Command
-----------------------------------------------
* 1   /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/jre/bin/java
 + 2   /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/java
 
Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 1
[root@lxc java]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_211"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_211-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.211-b12, mixed mode)
[root@lxc java]#

　　提示：可以看到可以根据自己需要来回切换jdk的版本；到此oracle jdk的安装就完成了；

　　2、openjdk安装

[root@docker_node01 ~]# yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
base                   | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 
docker-ce-stable                | 3.5 kB 00:00:00 
epel                   | 4.7 kB 00:00:00 
extras                  | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 
updates                  | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 
(1/4): epel/x86_64/updateinfo            | 1.0 MB 00:00:00 
(2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db           | 205 kB 00:00:00 
(3/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db           | 3.0 MB 00:00:01 
(4/4): epel/x86_64/primary_db            | 6.8 MB 00:00:01 
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless(x86-64) = 1:1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjvm.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8.x86_64
……省略部分内容
Installed:
 java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8            
 
Dependency Installed:
 atk.x86_64 0:2.28.1-2.el7                  
 cairo.x86_64 0:1.15.12-4.el7                  
 copy-jdk-configs.noarch 0:3.3-10.el7_5               
 cups-libs.x86_64 1:1.6.3-43.el7                 
 fribidi.x86_64 0:1.0.2-1.el7_7.1                 
 gdk-pixbuf2.x86_64 0:2.36.12-3.el7                
 giflib.x86_64 0:4.1.6-9.el7                  
 graphite2.x86_64 0:1.3.10-1.el7_3                
 gtk-update-icon-cache.x86_64 0:3.22.30-5.el7              
 gtk2.x86_64 0:2.24.31-1.el7                  
 harfbuzz.x86_64 0:1.7.5-2.el7                 
 hicolor-icon-theme.noarch 0:0.12-7.el7               
 jasper-libs.x86_64 0:1.900.1-33.el7                
 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 1:1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8          
 javapackages-tools.noarch 0:3.4.1-11.el7               
 jbigkit-libs.x86_64 0:2.0-11.el7                 
 libICE.x86_64 0:1.0.9-9.el7                  
 libSM.x86_64 0:1.2.2-2.el7                  
 libXcomposite.x86_64 0:0.4.4-4.1.el7                
 libXcursor.x86_64 0:1.1.15-1.el7                 
 libXdamage.x86_64 0:1.1.4-4.1.el7                
 libXext.x86_64 0:1.3.3-3.el7                  
 libXfixes.x86_64 0:5.0.3-1.el7                 
 libXft.x86_64 0:2.3.2-2.el7                  
 libXi.x86_64 0:1.7.9-1.el7                  
 libXinerama.x86_64 0:1.1.3-2.1.el7                
 libXrandr.x86_64 0:1.5.1-2.el7                 
 libXrender.x86_64 0:0.9.10-1.el7                 
 libXtst.x86_64 0:1.2.3-1.el7                  
 libXxf86vm.x86_64 0:1.1.4-1.el7                 
 libfontenc.x86_64 0:1.1.3-3.el7                 
 libglvnd.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7              
 libglvnd-egl.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7             
 libglvnd-glx.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7             
 libthai.x86_64 0:0.1.14-9.el7                 
 libtiff.x86_64 0:4.0.3-32.el7                 
 libwayland-client.x86_64 0:1.15.0-1.el7               
 libwayland-server.x86_64 0:1.15.0-1.el7               
 libxshmfence.x86_64 0:1.2-1.el7                 
 lksctp-tools.x86_64 0:1.0.17-2.el7                
 mesa-libEGL.x86_64 0:18.3.4-7.el7_8.1               
 mesa-libGL.x86_64 0:18.3.4-7.el7_8.1                
 mesa-libgbm.x86_64 0:18.3.4-7.el7_8.1               
 mesa-libglapi.x86_64 0:18.3.4-7.el7_8.1               
 pango.x86_64 0:1.42.4-4.el7_7                 
 pcsc-lite-libs.x86_64 0:1.8.8-8.el7                
 pixman.x86_64 0:0.34.0-1.el7                  
 python-javapackages.noarch 0:3.4.1-11.el7              
 python-lxml.x86_64 0:3.2.1-4.el7                 
 ttmkfdir.x86_64 0:3.0.9-42.el7                 
 tzdata-java.noarch 0:2020a-1.el7                 
 xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 1:7.5-21.el7               
 xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch 0:7.5-9.el7               
 
Dependency Updated:
 glib2.x86_64 0:2.56.1-5.el7      libdrm.x86_64 0:2.4.97-2.el7     
 
Complete!
[root@docker_node01 ~]#

　　提示：安装openjdk使用yum安装需要注意命名，通常是java-版本号-openjdk；到此openjdk就安装好了，后续的版本切换也可以使用alternatives命令来切换即可和oracle jdk使用没有特别的不同；除了以上方式安装，当然我们也可以去下载二进制包，直接展开就可以，二进制包安装需要注意创建环境变量文件；好了安装jdk就不过多阐述了；接下来我们就可以安装tomcat了；

　　三、tomcat安装

[root@docker_node01 ~]# yum info tomcat
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
Available Packages
Name  : tomcat
Arch  : noarch
Version  : 7.0.76
Release  : 12.el7_8
Size  : 92 k
Repo  : updates/7/x86_64
Summary  : Apache Servlet/JSP Engine, RI for Servlet 3.0/JSP 2.2 API
URL   : http://tomcat.apache.org/
License  : ASL 2.0
Description : Tomcat is the servlet container that is used in the official Reference
   : Implementation for the Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages technologies.
   : The Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages specifications are developed by
   : Sun under the Java Community Process.
   :
   : Tomcat is developed in an open and participatory environment and
   : released under the Apache Software License version 2.0. Tomcat is intended
   : to be a collaboration of the best-of-breed developers from around the world.
 
[root@docker_node01 ~]#

　　提示：可以看到在updates仓库中有tomcat包，但是版本有点低，如果想要安装新一点的包，可以去官网下载对应包安装即可；官网地址：http://tomcat.apache.org/；

[root@docker_node01 ~]# yum install tomcat -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tomcat.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: tomcat-lib = 7.0.76-12.el7_8 for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: apache-commons-pool for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: apache-commons-logging for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: apache-commons-dbcp for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: apache-commons-daemon for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: apache-commons-collections for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch
--> Running transaction check
……省略部分内容
Installed:
 tomcat.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8                 
 
Dependency Installed:
 apache-commons-collections.noarch 0:3.2.1-22.el7_2            
 apache-commons-daemon.x86_64 0:1.0.13-7.el7              
 apache-commons-dbcp.noarch 0:1.4-17.el7               
 apache-commons-logging.noarch 0:1.1.2-7.el7              
 apache-commons-pool.noarch 0:1.6-9.el7               
 avalon-framework.noarch 0:4.3-10.el7                
 avalon-logkit.noarch 0:2.1-14.el7                
 ecj.x86_64 1:4.5.2-3.el7                   
 geronimo-jms.noarch 0:1.1.1-19.el7                
 geronimo-jta.noarch 0:1.1.1-17.el7                
 javamail.noarch 0:1.4.6-8.el7                 
 log4j.noarch 0:1.2.17-16.el7_4                 
 tomcat-el-2.2-api.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8              
 tomcat-jsp-2.2-api.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8              
 tomcat-lib.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8                
 tomcat-servlet-3.0-api.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8             
 xalan-j2.noarch 0:2.7.1-23.el7                 
 xerces-j2.noarch 0:2.11.0-17.el7_0                
 xml-commons-apis.noarch 0:1.4.01-16.el7               
 xml-commons-resolver.noarch 0:1.2-15.el7               
Complete!
[root@docker_node01 ~]#

　　查看tomcat包安装所生成的文件

[root@docker_node01 ~]# rpm -ql tomcat
/etc/logrotate.d/tomcat
/etc/sysconfig/tomcat
/etc/tomcat
/etc/tomcat/Catalina
/etc/tomcat/Catalina/localhost
/etc/tomcat/catalina.policy
/etc/tomcat/catalina.properties
/etc/tomcat/conf.d
/etc/tomcat/conf.d/README
/etc/tomcat/context.xml
/etc/tomcat/log4j.properties
/etc/tomcat/logging.properties
/etc/tomcat/server.xml
/etc/tomcat/tomcat-users.xml
/etc/tomcat/tomcat.conf
/etc/tomcat/web.xml
/usr/bin/tomcat-digest
/usr/bin/tomcat-tool-wrapper
/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat@.service
/usr/libexec/tomcat
/usr/libexec/tomcat/functions
/usr/libexec/tomcat/preamble
/usr/libexec/tomcat/server
/usr/sbin/tomcat
/usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.76
/usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.76/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.76/NOTICE
/usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.76/RELEASE-NOTES
/usr/share/tomcat
/usr/share/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar
/usr/share/tomcat/bin/catalina-tasks.xml
/usr/share/tomcat/conf
/usr/share/tomcat/lib
/usr/share/tomcat/logs
/usr/share/tomcat/temp
/usr/share/tomcat/webapps
/usr/share/tomcat/work
/var/cache/tomcat
/var/cache/tomcat/temp
/var/cache/tomcat/work
/var/lib/tomcat
/var/lib/tomcat/webapps
/var/lib/tomcats
/var/log/tomcat
/var/log/tomcat/catalina.out
[root@docker_node01 ~]#

　　提示：/etc/tomcat/是tomcat的配置文件目录，存放tomcat配置相关文件；/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service是tomcat的unit file启动脚本；/var/log/tomcat/catalina.out是tomcat的日志文件；

　　启动tomcat

　　提示：tomcat默认监听在tcp的8080端口；

　　测试：用浏览器访问对应服务器上的8080端口，看看是否访问到tomcat的默认提供的页面？

　　提示：可以看到用浏览器展示访问不到对应页面，提示我们404；这说明我们访问的页面不存在，原因是我们只安装了tomcat的程序包，并没有安装任何webapp，所以对应目录下都没有页面存在，所以我们现在访问提示我们404；

　　提示：对应目录下并没有任何的页面，所以我们访问时访问不到的；

　　安装tomcat-webapps、tomcat-docs-webapp 、tomcat-admin-webapps

[root@docker_node01 ~]# yum install -y tomcat-webapps tomcat-admin-webapps tomcat-docs-webapp
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tomcat-admin-webapps.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 will be installed
---> Package tomcat-docs-webapp.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 will be installed
---> Package tomcat-webapps.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: jakarta-taglibs-standard >= 1.1 for package: tomcat-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package jakarta-taglibs-standard.noarch 0:1.1.2-14.el7_1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
 
Dependencies Resolved
 
====================================================================================================
 Package       Arch   Version     Repository  Size
====================================================================================================
Installing:
 tomcat-admin-webapps    noarch   7.0.76-12.el7_8   updates   40 k
 tomcat-docs-webapp    noarch   7.0.76-12.el7_8   updates   721 k
 tomcat-webapps     noarch   7.0.76-12.el7_8   updates   341 k
Installing for dependencies:
 jakarta-taglibs-standard   noarch   1.1.2-14.el7_1   base    303 k
 
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================
Install 3 Packages (+1 Dependent package)
 
Total download size: 1.4 M
Installed size: 5.4 M
Downloading packages:
(1/4): jakarta-taglibs-standard-1.1.2-14.el7_1.noarch.rpm     | 303 kB 00:00:00 
(2/4): tomcat-admin-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch.rpm      | 40 kB 00:00:00 
(3/4): tomcat-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch.rpm        | 341 kB 00:00:00 
(4/4): tomcat-docs-webapp-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch.rpm       | 721 kB 00:00:00 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                2.7 MB/s | 1.4 MB 00:00:00 
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
 Installing : jakarta-taglibs-standard-1.1.2-14.el7_1.noarch         1/4
 Installing : tomcat-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch           2/4
 Installing : tomcat-docs-webapp-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch          3/4
 Installing : tomcat-admin-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch          4/4
 Verifying : tomcat-admin-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch          1/4
 Verifying : jakarta-taglibs-standard-1.1.2-14.el7_1.noarch         2/4
 Verifying : tomcat-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch           3/4
 Verifying : tomcat-docs-webapp-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch          4/4
 
Installed:
 tomcat-admin-webapps.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8  tomcat-docs-webapp.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 
 tomcat-webapps.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8   
 
Dependency Installed:
 jakarta-taglibs-standard.noarch 0:1.1.2-14.el7_1             
 
Complete!
[root@docker_node01 ~]#

　　查看/usr/shar/tomcat/webapps/下是否有文件？

　　提示：可以看到在/usr/share/tomcat/webapps/下已经有文件生成了，接下来我们再用浏览器访问下8080端口，看看是否能够访问到页面呢？

　　提示：可以看到我们能够正常访问到页面，说明tomcat环境搭建已经完成；后续我们就可以把java开发的一些jsp程序部署到tomcat上使用了；

　　官方下载tomcat部署

[root@lxc java]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.57/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz
--2020-07-14 13:09:04-- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.57/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz
Resolving mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)... 101.6.8.193, 2402:f000:1:408:8100::1
Connecting to mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)|101.6.8.193|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 10379806 (9.9M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz'
 
100%[==========================================================>] 10,379,806 1.90MB/s in 5.2s 
 
2020-07-14 13:09:10 (1.90 MB/s) - ‘apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz' saved [10379806/10379806]
 
[root@lxc java]# ls
apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz jdk-7u79-linux-x64.rpm jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm
[root@lxc java]#

　　提示：官方默认只提供了二进制包和源码包，没有rpm包，所以我们下载二进制包解压到对应目录即可；

[root@lxc java]# mkdir /usr/share/tomcat
[root@lxc java]# tar xf apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz -C /usr/share/tomcat
[root@lxc java]# cd /usr/share/tomcat
[root@lxc tomcat]# ls
apache-tomcat-8.5.57
[root@lxc tomcat]#

　　创建软连接

[root@lxc tomcat]# ln -s apache-tomcat-8.5.57 tomcat
[root@lxc tomcat]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 220 Jul 14 13:10 apache-tomcat-8.5.57
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 Jul 14 13:12 tomcat -> apache-tomcat-8.5.57
[root@lxc tomcat]#

　　创建tomcat用户

[root@lxc tomcat]# useradd -r tomcat
[root@lxc tomcat]# getent passwd tomcat
tomcat:x:996:992::/home/tomcat:/bin/bash
[root@lxc tomcat]#

　　更改/usr/share/tomcat/tomcat属主/组权限为tomcat

[root@lxc tomcat]# ll
total 124
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Jul 14 13:10 bin
-rw-r----- 1 root root 19318 Jun 30 17:53 BUILDING.txt
drwx------ 2 root root 238 Jun 30 17:53 conf
-rw-r----- 1 root root 5408 Jun 30 17:53 CONTRIBUTING.md
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Jul 14 13:10 lib
-rw-r----- 1 root root 57011 Jun 30 17:53 LICENSE
drwxr-x--- 2 root root  6 Jun 30 17:49 logs
-rw-r----- 1 root root 1726 Jun 30 17:53 NOTICE
-rw-r----- 1 root root 3255 Jun 30 17:53 README.md
-rw-r----- 1 root root 7136 Jun 30 17:53 RELEASE-NOTES
-rw-r----- 1 root root 16262 Jun 30 17:53 RUNNING.txt
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 30 Jul 14 13:10 temp
drwxr-x--- 7 root root 81 Jun 30 17:50 webapps
drwxr-x--- 2 root root  6 Jun 30 17:49 work
[root@lxc tomcat]# chown -R tomcat:tomcat ./*
[root@lxc tomcat]# ll
total 124
drwxr-x--- 2 tomcat tomcat 4096 Jul 14 13:10 bin
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 19318 Jun 30 17:53 BUILDING.txt
drwx------ 2 tomcat tomcat 238 Jun 30 17:53 conf
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 5408 Jun 30 17:53 CONTRIBUTING.md
drwxr-x--- 2 tomcat tomcat 4096 Jul 14 13:10 lib
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 57011 Jun 30 17:53 LICENSE
drwxr-x--- 2 tomcat tomcat  6 Jun 30 17:49 logs
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 1726 Jun 30 17:53 NOTICE
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 3255 Jun 30 17:53 README.md
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 7136 Jun 30 17:53 RELEASE-NOTES
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 16262 Jun 30 17:53 RUNNING.txt
drwxr-x--- 2 tomcat tomcat 30 Jul 14 13:10 temp
drwxr-x--- 7 tomcat tomcat 81 Jun 30 17:50 webapps
drwxr-x--- 2 tomcat tomcat  6 Jun 30 17:49 work
[root@lxc tomcat]#

　　添加环境变量

[root@lxc tomcat]# cat /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
CATALINA_BASE=/usr/share/tomcat/tomcat
PATH=$CATALINA_BASE/bin:$PATH
export CATALINA_BASE PATH
[root@lxc tomcat]#

　　切换tomcat用户启动tomcat

[root@lxc tomcat]# su - tomcat
Last login: Tue Jul 14 13:26:15 EDT 2020 on pts/0
su: warning: cannot change directory to /home/tomcat: No such file or directory
-bash-4.2$ catalina.sh --help
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:  /
Using CLASSPATH:  /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Usage: catalina.sh ( commands ... )
commands:
 debug    Start Catalina in a debugger
 debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager
 jpda start  Start Catalina under JPDA debugger
 run    Start Catalina in the current window
 run -security  Start in the current window with security manager
 start    Start Catalina in a separate window
 start -security Start in a separate window with security manager
 stop    Stop Catalina, waiting up to 5 seconds for the process to end
 stop n   Stop Catalina, waiting up to n seconds for the process to end
 stop -force  Stop Catalina, wait up to 5 seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running
 stop n -force  Stop Catalina, wait up to n seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running
 configtest  Run a basic syntax check on server.xml - check exit code for result
 version   What version of tomcat are you running?
Note: Waiting for the process to end and use of the -force option require that $CATALINA_PID is defined
-bash-4.2$ catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:  /
Using CLASSPATH:  /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
-bash-4.2$ ss -tnl
State  Recv-Q Send-Q  Local Address:Port     Peer Address:Port    
LISTEN  0  128     *:6033        *:*     
LISTEN  0  128     *:22         *:*     
LISTEN  0  100   127.0.0.1:25         *:*     
LISTEN  0  128     *:3306        *:*     
LISTEN  0  128     *:3306        *:*     
LISTEN  0  128     *:3306        *:*     
LISTEN  0  128     *:3306        *:*     
LISTEN  0  100     :::8080        :::*     
LISTEN  0  128     :::22        :::*     
LISTEN  0  100     ::1:25        :::*     
LISTEN  0  1  ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005        :::*     
LISTEN  0  128     :::2377        :::*     
LISTEN  0  128     :::7946        :::*     
-bash-4.2$

　　提示：启动tomcat要使用内部的shell脚本catalina.sh 来启动；当然startup.sh也是可以的；可以看到8080端口已经处于监听的状态，接下来我们用浏览器尝试访问下，看看是否能够访问到页面？

　　提示：可以看到tomcat提供的页面我们是能够正常访问，说明我们安装部署的tomcat环境就准备就绪了；到此tomcat环境安装就部署完毕了；总结一点，部署tomcat环境，首先要安装jdk，因为tomcat本身就是java语言编写，我们要在服务器上安装好java程序运行环境和标准类库等组件，tomcat才可以服务器上正常的运行起来；其实从上面的演示我们大概也能知道tomcat就是为Java jsp程序提供一个运行环境，后续的jsp代码主要就是在tomcat上运行，而非jdk上；jdk是运行Java程序（tomcat）而必须有的组件；后续本人会持续更新有关tomcat配置使用相关的话题，感兴趣的同学可以关注关注；

总结

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