Asp.Net Core添加请求头自定义认证的示例

前言

小项目中需要添加 Api 请求权限认证, 并且只是专用网络内使用，于是只想简单得认证下是否可以访问, 顺便也是一种学习的过程，简单记录一下

要点

实现 IAuthenticationHandler 接口:4 个方法

1. 首先会调用 InitializeAsync 获取到 scheme 和 context
2. 然后调用 AuthenticateAsync ，在这里获取 context 中的 Header 中需要传过来的验证信息，然后进行相关验证，根据不同的结果会分别调用 ChallengeAsync 或者 ForbidAsync

public class HeaderAuth : IAuthenticationHandler {

       public AuthenticationScheme Scheme { get; private set; }

       public HttpContext CurrentContext { get; private set; }
       public Task<AuthenticateResult> AuthenticateAsync() {
           var token = CurrentContext.Request.Headers[GuidToken.GUID_TOKEN_KEY].ToString();

           var (isValid, tokenEntity) = GuidToken.Valid(token);

           if (!isValid || tokenEntity == null) {
               return Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Fail("未登录或授权已过期。"));
           }
           // 生成 AuthenticationTicket
           AuthenticationTicket ticket = new AuthenticationTicket(tokenEntity.ToClaimsPrincipal(), Scheme.Name);
           return Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Success(ticket));
       }

       public Task ChallengeAsync(AuthenticationProperties properties) {
           CurrentContext.Response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized;
           return Task.CompletedTask;
       }

       public Task ForbidAsync(AuthenticationProperties properties) {
           CurrentContext.Response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.Forbidden;
           return Task.CompletedTask;
       }

       public Task InitializeAsync(AuthenticationScheme scheme, HttpContext context) {
           Scheme = scheme;
           CurrentContext = context;
           return Task.CompletedTask;
       }
   }

GuidToken 类就是我们自定义的 token 管理器

public class GuidToken {
        public const string GUID_TOKEN_NAME = "MtGuidTokenAuthentication";
        public const string DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_TYPE = "local";
        public const int TOKEN_LENGTH = 32;
        public const string GUEST = "GUEST";
        public const string DEFAULT_ROLE = "USER";
        public const string DEFAULT_OPENID = "DEFAULT_OPENID";
        public const string GUID_TOKEN_KEY = "Token";
        private static int expireDuration = 0;
        public string OpenId { get; set; }
        public string Role { get; set; }
        public DateTime Expire { get; set; }

        private static readonly Dictionary<string, GuidToken> tokenCache = new Dictionary<string, GuidToken>();

        public static (bool, GuidToken) Valid(string token) {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(token) || token.Length != TOKEN_LENGTH) {
                return (false, null);
            }

            // 从 Session 中获取令牌实体
            GuidToken tokenEntity = GetTokenCache();

            if (tokenEntity == null) {
                return (false, null);
            } else {
                tokenEntity.Expire = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(expireDuration);
            }

            return (true, tokenEntity);

            GuidToken GetTokenCache() {
                if (tokenCache.TryGetValue(token, out var val)) {
                    if (val.Expire > DateTime.Now) return val;
                    else tokenCache.Remove(token);
                }
                return null;
            }

        }

        public static string Create(string openId = DEFAULT_OPENID, string role = DEFAULT_ROLE, int minutes = 30) {
            var token = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N");
            expireDuration = minutes;
            var entity = new GuidToken {
                OpenId = openId,
                Role = role,
                Expire = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(expireDuration)
            };
            tokenCache.Add(token, entity);
            return token;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 令牌实体 转 ClaimsPrincipal
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public ClaimsPrincipal ToClaimsPrincipal() {
            var claimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(new Claim[] {
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, OpenId),
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, Role),
            }, GuidToken.DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_TYPE);

            var claimsPrincipal = new ClaimsPrincipal(claimsIdentity);

            return claimsPrincipal;
        }
    }

最后就是使用方式

在 Startup 中配置

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) {
    // 注册使用
    services.AddAuthentication(options => {
        options.AddScheme<HeaderAuth>(GuidToken.GUID_TOKEN_NAME, "Default Guid Token");
        options.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = GuidToken.GUID_TOKEN_NAME;
        options.DefaultChallengeScheme = GuidToken.GUID_TOKEN_NAME;
    });
}

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env) {
    if (env.IsDevelopment()) {
        app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
    }
    app.UseCors("any");
    app.UseStaticFiles();
    // 开启认证
    app.UseAuthentication();
    app.UseRouting();
    // 开启授权
    app.UseAuthorization();
    app.UseEndpoints(endpoints => {
        endpoints.MapControllers();
    });
}

在控制器中使用标签

[Authorize]
public class JobController : ControllerBase {}

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