SpringRetry重试框架的具体使用

spring retry主要实现了重试和熔断。

不适合重试的场景：

参数校验不合法、写操作等（要考虑写是否幂等）都不适合重试。

适合重试的场景：

远程调用超时、网络突然中断等可以重试。

在spring retry中可以指定需要重试的异常类型，并设置每次重试的间隔以及如果重试失败是继续重试还是熔断（停止重试）。

一、环境搭建

加入SpringRetry依赖，SpringRetry使用AOP实现，所以也需要加入AOP包

<!-- SpringRetry -->
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.retry</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-retry</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
</dependency>

官方文档

二、RetryTemplate

2.1 RetryTemplate

• RetryTemplate封装了Retry基本操作
  • org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate
• RetryTemplate中可以指定监听、回退策略、重试策略等
• 只需要正常new RetryTemplate()即可使用

2.2 RetryListener

RetryListener指定了当执行过程中出现错误时的回调

org.springframework.retry.RetryListener

package org.springframework.retry;

public interface RetryListener {

 /**
  * 任务开始执行时调用，只调用一次
  */
 <T, E extends Throwable> boolean open(RetryContext context, RetryCallback<T, E> callback);

 /**
  * 任务执行结束时(包含重试)调用，只调用一次
  */
 <T, E extends Throwable> void close(RetryContext context, RetryCallback<T, E> callback, Throwable throwable);

 /**
  * 出现错误时回调
  */
 <T, E extends Throwable> void onError(RetryContext context, RetryCallback<T, E> callback, Throwable throwable);
}

配置之后在RetryTemplate中指定

2.3 回退策略

2.3.1 FixedBackOffPolicy

当出现错误时延迟多少时间继续调用

FixedBackOffPolicy fixedBackOffPolicy = new FixedBackOffPolicy();
fixedBackOffPolicy.setBackOffPeriod(1000L);
retryTemplate.setBackOffPolicy(fixedBackOffPolicy);

配置之后在RetryTemplate中指定

2.3.2 ExponentialBackOffPolicy

当出现错误时第一次按照指定延迟时间延迟后按照指数进行延迟

// 指数回退(秒)，第一次回退1s，第二次回退2s，第三次4秒，第四次8秒
ExponentialBackOffPolicy exponentialBackOffPolicy = new ExponentialBackOffPolicy();
exponentialBackOffPolicy.setInitialInterval(1000L);
exponentialBackOffPolicy.setMultiplier(2);
retryTemplate.setBackOffPolicy(exponentialBackOffPolicy);

配置之后在RetryTemplate中指定

2.4 重试策略

重试策略主要指定出现错误时重试次数

// 重试策略
SimpleRetryPolicy retryPolicy = new SimpleRetryPolicy();
retryPolicy.setMaxAttempts(5);
retryTemplate.setRetryPolicy(retryPolicy);

配置之后在RetryTemplate中指定

2.5 RetryCallback

RetryCallback为retryTemplate.execute时执行的回调

public final <T, E extends Throwable> T execute(RetryCallback<T, E> retryCallback) throws E

2.6 核心使用

可以使用RetryTemplate完成简单使用
配置retryTemplate

• 指定回退策略为ExponentialBackOffPolicy
• 指定重试策略为SimpleRetryPolicy
• 指定监听器RetryListener

import com.codecoord.util.PrintUtil;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.retry.RetryCallback;
import org.springframework.retry.RetryContext;
import org.springframework.retry.RetryListener;
import org.springframework.retry.backoff.ExponentialBackOffPolicy;
import org.springframework.retry.policy.SimpleRetryPolicy;
import org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate;

@Configuration
public class RetryTemplateConfig {

    /**
     * 注入retryTemplate
     */
    @Bean
    public RetryTemplate retryTemplate() {
        RetryTemplate retryTemplate = new RetryTemplate();

        /// 回退固定时间(秒)
       /* FixedBackOffPolicy fixedBackOffPolicy = new FixedBackOffPolicy();
        fixedBackOffPolicy.setBackOffPeriod(1000L);
        retryTemplate.setBackOffPolicy(fixedBackOffPolicy);*/

        // 指数回退(秒)，第一次回退1s，第二次回退2s
        ExponentialBackOffPolicy exponentialBackOffPolicy = new ExponentialBackOffPolicy();
        exponentialBackOffPolicy.setInitialInterval(1000L);
        exponentialBackOffPolicy.setMultiplier(2);
        retryTemplate.setBackOffPolicy(exponentialBackOffPolicy);

        // 重试策略
        SimpleRetryPolicy retryPolicy = new SimpleRetryPolicy();
        retryPolicy.setMaxAttempts(5);
        retryTemplate.setRetryPolicy(retryPolicy);

        // 设置监听器，open和close分别在启动和结束时执行一次
        RetryListener[] listeners = {
                new RetryListener() {
                    @Override
                    public <T, E extends Throwable> boolean open(RetryContext context, RetryCallback<T, E> callback) {
                        PrintUtil.print("open");
                        return true;
                    }
                    @Override
                    public <T, E extends Throwable> void close(RetryContext context, RetryCallback<T, E> callback,
                            Throwable throwable) {
                        PrintUtil.print("close");
                    }
                    @Override
                    public <T, E extends Throwable> void onError(RetryContext context, RetryCallback<T, E> callback,
                            Throwable throwable) {
                        PrintUtil.print("onError");
                    }
                }
        };
        retryTemplate.setListeners(listeners);

        return retryTemplate;
    }
}

在controller中注入RetryTemplate使用，也可以是在service中

@RestController
public class SpringRetryController {
    @Resource
    private RetryTemplate retryTemplate;
    private static int count = 0;

    @RequestMapping("/retry")
    public Object retry() {
        try {
            count = 0;
            retryTemplate.execute((RetryCallback<Void, RuntimeException>) context -> {
                // 业务代码
                // ....
                // 模拟抛出异常
                ++count;
                throw new RuntimeException("抛出异常");
            });
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            System.out.println("Exception");
        }

        return "retry = " + count;
    }
}

访问retry接口，然后观察日志输出

18:27:20.648 - http-nio-8888-exec-1 - open
18:27:20.649 - http-nio-8888-exec-1 - retryTemplate.execute执行
18:27:20.649 - http-nio-8888-exec-1 - onError
18:27:21.658 - http-nio-8888-exec-1 - retryTemplate.execute执行
18:27:21.658 - http-nio-8888-exec-1 - onError
18:27:23.670 - http-nio-8888-exec-1 - retryTemplate.execute执行
18:27:23.670 - http-nio-8888-exec-1 - onError
18:27:27.679 - http-nio-8888-exec-1 - retryTemplate.execute执行
18:27:27.679 - http-nio-8888-exec-1 - onError
18:27:35.681 - http-nio-8888-exec-1 - retryTemplate.execute执行
18:27:35.681 - http-nio-8888-exec-1 - onError
18:27:35.681 - http-nio-8888-exec-1 - close

三、EnableRetry

@EnableRetry开启重试，在类上指定的时候方法将默认执行，重试三次
定义service，开启@EnableRetry注解和指定@Retryable，重试可以参考后面一节

import org.springframework.retry.annotation.Retryable;

public interface RetryService {

    /**
     * 重试方法调用
     */
    @Retryable
    void retryServiceCall();
}

import org.springframework.retry.annotation.EnableRetry;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@EnableRetry
@Service
public class RetryServiceImpl implements RetryService {

    @Override
    public void retryServiceCall() {
        PrintUtil.print("方法调用..");
        throw new RuntimeException("手工异常");
    }
}

controller中注入service

@RequestMapping("/retryAnnotation")
public Object retryAnnotation() {
    retryService.retryServiceCall();
    return "retryAnnotation";
}

将会默认重试

18:46:48.721 - http-nio-8888-exec-1 - 方法调用..
18:46:49.724 - http-nio-8888-exec-1 - 方法调用..
18:46:50.730 - http-nio-8888-exec-1 - 方法调用..
java.lang.RuntimeException: 手工异常

四、Retryable

用于需要重试的方法上的注解
有以下几个属性

Retryable注解参数

• value：指定发生的异常进行重试
• include：和value一样，默认空，当exclude也为空时，所有异常都重试
• exclude：指定异常不重试，默认空，当include也为空时，所有异常都重试
• maxAttemps：重试次数，默认3
• backoff：重试补偿机制，默认没有

@Backoff  注解 重试补偿策略

• 不设置参数时，默认使用FixedBackOffPolicy（指定等待时间），重试等待1000ms
• 设置delay，使用FixedBackOffPolicy（指定等待设置delay和maxDealy时，重试等待在这两个值之间均态分布）
• 设置delay、maxDealy、multiplier，使用 ExponentialBackOffPolicy（指数级重试间隔的实现），multiplier即指定延迟倍数，比如delay=5000L，multiplier=2,则第一次重试为5秒，第二次为10秒，第三次为20秒

@Target({ ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE })
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Retryable {

 /**
  * Retry interceptor bean name to be applied for retryable method. Is mutually
  * exclusive with other attributes.
  * @return the retry interceptor bean name
  */
 String interceptor() default "";

 /**
  * Exception types that are retryable. Synonym for includes(). Defaults to empty (and
  * if excludes is also empty all exceptions are retried).
  * @return exception types to retry
  */
 Class<? extends Throwable>[] value() default {};

 /**
  * Exception types that are retryable. Defaults to empty (and if excludes is also
  * empty all exceptions are retried).
  * @return exception types to retry
  */
 Class<? extends Throwable>[] include() default {};

 /**
  * Exception types that are not retryable. Defaults to empty (and if includes is also
  * empty all exceptions are retried).
  * If includes is empty but excludes is not, all not excluded exceptions are retried
  * @return exception types not to retry
  */
 Class<? extends Throwable>[] exclude() default {};

 /**
  * A unique label for statistics reporting. If not provided the caller may choose to
  * ignore it, or provide a default.
  *
  * @return the label for the statistics
  */
 String label() default "";

 /**
  * Flag to say that the retry is stateful: i.e. exceptions are re-thrown, but the
  * retry policy is applied with the same policy to subsequent invocations with the
  * same arguments. If false then retryable exceptions are not re-thrown.
  * @return true if retry is stateful, default false
  */
 boolean stateful() default false;

 /**
  * @return the maximum number of attempts (including the first failure), defaults to 3
  */
 int maxAttempts() default 3;

 /**
  * @return an expression evaluated to the maximum number of attempts (including the first failure), defaults to 3
  * Overrides {@link #maxAttempts()}.
  * @date 1.2
  */
 String maxAttemptsExpression() default "";

 /**
  * Specify the backoff properties for retrying this operation. The default is a
  * simple {@link Backoff} specification with no properties - see it's documentation
  * for defaults.
  * @return a backoff specification
  */
 Backoff backoff() default @Backoff();

 /**
  * Specify an expression to be evaluated after the {@code SimpleRetryPolicy.canRetry()}
  * returns true - can be used to conditionally suppress the retry. Only invoked after
  * an exception is thrown. The root object for the evaluation is the last {@code Throwable}.
  * Other beans in the context can be referenced.
  * For example:
  * <pre class=code>
  *  {@code "message.contains('you can retry this')"}.
  * </pre>
  * and
  * <pre class=code>
  *  {@code "@someBean.shouldRetry(#root)"}.
  * </pre>
  * @return the expression.
  * @date 1.2
  */
 String exceptionExpression() default "";

 /**
  * Bean names of retry listeners to use instead of default ones defined in Spring context
  * @return retry listeners bean names
  */
 String[] listeners() default {};

}

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Backoff {

 /**
  * Synonym for {@link #delay()}.
  *
  * @return the delay in milliseconds (default 1000)
  */
 long value() default 1000;

 /**
  * A canonical backoff period. Used as an initial value in the exponential case, and
  * as a minimum value in the uniform case.
  * @return the initial or canonical backoff period in milliseconds (default 1000)
  */
 long delay() default 0;

 /**
  * The maximimum wait (in milliseconds) between retries. If less than the
  * {@link #delay()} then the default of
  * {@value org.springframework.retry.backoff.ExponentialBackOffPolicy#DEFAULT_MAX_INTERVAL}
  * is applied.
  *
  * @return the maximum delay between retries (default 0 = ignored)
  */
 long maxDelay() default 0;

 /**
  * If positive, then used as a multiplier for generating the next delay for backoff.
  *
  * @return a multiplier to use to calculate the next backoff delay (default 0 =
  * ignored)
  */
 double multiplier() default 0;

 /**
  * An expression evaluating to the canonical backoff period. Used as an initial value
  * in the exponential case, and as a minimum value in the uniform case. Overrides
  * {@link #delay()}.
  * @return the initial or canonical backoff period in milliseconds.
  * @date 1.2
  */
 String delayExpression() default "";

 /**
  * An expression evaluating to the maximimum wait (in milliseconds) between retries.
  * If less than the {@link #delay()} then the default of
  * {@value org.springframework.retry.backoff.ExponentialBackOffPolicy#DEFAULT_MAX_INTERVAL}
  * is applied. Overrides {@link #maxDelay()}
  *
  * @return the maximum delay between retries (default 0 = ignored)
  * @date 1.2
  */
 String maxDelayExpression() default "";

 /**
  * Evaluates to a vaule used as a multiplier for generating the next delay for
  * backoff. Overrides {@link #multiplier()}.
  *
  * @return a multiplier expression to use to calculate the next backoff delay (default
  * 0 = ignored)
  * @date 1.2
  */
 String multiplierExpression() default "";

 /**
  * In the exponential case ({@link #multiplier()} > 0) set this to true to have the
  * backoff delays randomized, so that the maximum delay is multiplier times the
  * previous delay and the distribution is uniform between the two values.
  *
  * @return the flag to signal randomization is required (default false)
  */
 boolean random() default false;
}

在需要重试的方法上配置对应的重试次数、重试异常的异常类型、设置回退延迟时间、重试策略、方法监听名称

@Component
public class PlatformClassService {
    @Retryable(
        // 重试异常的异常类型
        value = {Exception.class},
        // 最大重试次数
        maxAttempts = 5,
        // 设置回退延迟时间
        backoff = @Backoff(delay = 500),
        // 配置回调方法名称
        listeners = "retryListener"
    )
    public void call() {
        System.out.println("call...");
        throw new RuntimeException("手工异常");
    }
}

// 初始延迟2秒，然后之后验收1.5倍延迟重试，总重试次数4
@Retryable(value = {Exception.class}, maxAttempts = 4, backoff = @Backoff(delay = 2000L, multiplier = 1.5))

监听方法，在配置类中进行配置

/**
  * 注解调用
  */
@Bean
public RetryListener retryListener() {
    return new RetryListener() {
        @Override
        public <T, E extends Throwable> boolean open(RetryContext context, RetryCallback<T, E> callback) {
            System.out.println("open context = " + context + ", callback = " + callback);
            // 返回true继续执行后续调用
            return true;
        }

        @Override
        public <T, E extends Throwable> void close(RetryContext context, RetryCallback<T, E> callback,
                                                   Throwable throwable) {
            System.out.println("close context = " + context + ", callback = " + callback);
        }
        @Override
        public <T, E extends Throwable> void onError(RetryContext context, RetryCallback<T, E> callback,
                                                     Throwable throwable) {
            System.out.println("onError context = " + context + ", callback = " + callback);
        }
    };
}

调用服务

@RestController
public class SpringRetryController {
    @Resource
    private PlatformClassService platformClassService;
    
    @RequestMapping("/retryPlatformCall")
    public Object retryPlatformCall() {
        try {
            platformClassService.call();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return "尝试调用失败";
        }
        return "retryPlatformCall";
    }
}

调用结果

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