c#如何使用 XML 文档功能

下面的示例提供对某个已存档类型的基本概述。

示例

// If compiling from the command line, compile with: -doc:YourFileName.xml

/// <summary>
/// Class level summary documentation goes here.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Longer comments can be associated with a type or member through
/// the remarks tag.
/// </remarks>
public class TestClass : TestInterface
{
  /// <summary>
  /// Store for the Name property.
  /// </summary>
  private string _name = null;

  /// <summary>
  /// The class constructor.
  /// </summary>
  public TestClass()
  {
    // TODO: Add Constructor Logic here.
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// Name property.
  /// </summary>
  /// <value>
  /// A value tag is used to describe the property value.
  /// </value>
  public string Name
  {
    get
    {
      if (_name == null)
      {
        throw new System.Exception("Name is null");
      }
      return _name;
    }
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// Description for SomeMethod.
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="s"> Parameter description for s goes here.</param>
  /// <seealso cref="System.String">
  /// You can use the cref attribute on any tag to reference a type or member
  /// and the compiler will check that the reference exists.
  /// </seealso>
  public void SomeMethod(string s)
  {
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// Some other method.
  /// </summary>
  /// <returns>
  /// Return values are described through the returns tag.
  /// </returns>
  /// <seealso cref="SomeMethod(string)">
  /// Notice the use of the cref attribute to reference a specific method.
  /// </seealso>
  public int SomeOtherMethod()
  {
    return 0;
  }

  public int InterfaceMethod(int n)
  {
    return n * n;
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// The entry point for the application.
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="args"> A list of command line arguments.</param>
  static int Main(System.String[] args)
  {
    // TODO: Add code to start application here.
    return 0;
  }
}

/// <summary>
/// Documentation that describes the interface goes here.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Details about the interface go here.
/// </remarks>
interface TestInterface
{
  /// <summary>
  /// Documentation that describes the method goes here.
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="n">
  /// Parameter n requires an integer argument.
  /// </param>
  /// <returns>
  /// The method returns an integer.
  /// </returns>
  int InterfaceMethod(int n);
}

该示例生成一个包含以下内容的 .xml 文件。

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<doc>
  <assembly>
    <name>xmlsample</name>
  </assembly>
  <members>
    <member name="T:TestClass">
      <summary>
      Class level summary documentation goes here.
      </summary>
      <remarks>
      Longer comments can be associated with a type or member through
      the remarks tag.
      </remarks>
    </member>
    <member name="F:TestClass._name">
      <summary>
      Store for the Name property.
      </summary>
    </member>
    <member name="M:TestClass.#ctor">
      <summary>
      The class constructor.
      </summary>
    </member>
    <member name="P:TestClass.Name">
      <summary>
      Name property.
      </summary>
      <value>
      A value tag is used to describe the property value.
      </value>
    </member>
    <member name="M:TestClass.SomeMethod(System.String)">
      <summary>
      Description for SomeMethod.
      </summary>
      <param name="s"> Parameter description for s goes here.</param>
      <seealso cref="T:System.String">
      You can use the cref attribute on any tag to reference a type or member
      and the compiler will check that the reference exists.
      </seealso>
    </member>
    <member name="M:TestClass.SomeOtherMethod">
      <summary>
      Some other method.
      </summary>
      <returns>
      Return values are described through the returns tag.
      </returns>
      <seealso cref="M:TestClass.SomeMethod(System.String)">
      Notice the use of the cref attribute to reference a specific method.
      </seealso>
    </member>
    <member name="M:TestClass.Main(System.String[])">
      <summary>
      The entry point for the application.
      </summary>
      <param name="args"> A list of command line arguments.</param>
    </member>
    <member name="T:TestInterface">
      <summary>
      Documentation that describes the interface goes here.
      </summary>
      <remarks>
      Details about the interface go here.
      </remarks>
    </member>
    <member name="M:TestInterface.InterfaceMethod(System.Int32)">
      <summary>
      Documentation that describes the method goes here.
      </summary>
      <param name="n">
      Parameter n requires an integer argument.
      </param>
      <returns>
      The method returns an integer.
      </returns>
    </member>
  </members>
</doc>

编译代码

若要编译该示例，请输入以下命令：

csc XMLsample.cs /doc:XMLsample.xml

此命令创建 XML 文件 XMLsample.xml，可在浏览器中或使用 TYPE 命令查看该文件。

可靠编程

XML 文档以 /// 开头。 创建新项目时，向导会放置一些以 /// 开头的行。 处理这些注释时存在一些限制：

1.文档必须是格式正确的 XML。 如果 XML 格式不正确，则会生成警告，并且文档文件将包含一条注释，指出遇到错误。

2.开发人员可以随意创建自己的标记集。 有一组推荐的标记。 部分建议标记具有特殊含义：

• <param> 标记用于描述参数。 如果已使用，编译器会验证该参数是否存在，以及文档是否描述了所有参数。 如果验证失败，编译器会发出警告。
• cref 属性可以附加到任何标记，以引用代码元素。 编译器验证此代码元素是否存在。 如果验证失败，编译器会发出警告。 编译器在查找 cref 属性中描述的类型时会考虑所有 using 语句。
• <summary> 标记由 Visual Studio 中的 IntelliSense 用于显示有关某个类型或成员的附加信息。
  

备注

XML 文件不提供有关该类型和成员的完整信息（例如，它不包含任何类型信息）。 若要获取有关类型或成员的完整信息，请将文档文件与对实际类型或成员的反射一起使用。

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